{
  "abstract": "Background: Hospitals require standardized processes to effectively manage patients with acute postoperative pain. We aim to evaluate the current pain management practices in Spain through a cross‐sectional study, updating the findings from a previous audit conducted in 2012.\n\nMethods: An online questionnaire was mailed to anesthesiologists in Spain. Responses were stratified based on the hospital size (< 200 or ≥ 200 beds). Categorical variables were presented as percentages with a 95% confidence interval, while continuous variables were expressed as median and interquartile range.\n\nResults: The survey received responses from 67.9% (n = 127) of hospitals with ≥ 200 beds. 70.1% of large hospitals had an acute pain service (APS) and a hospital‐wide acute pain management program (APMP). Concerning large hospitals, full‐time pain physicians were available in 30.3% of large hospitals, and 41.6% had full‐time nurses dedicated to pain management; 40.2% of patients received written information about postoperative pain; 89.0% of participants reported that their hospital used a standardized scale for assessing postoperative pain; 79.5% had pain treatment protocols; professional training in postoperative pain was organized in 46.6% of cases; and 51.2% considered that the acute postoperative pain was well managed in their hospital.\n\nConclusion: Twelve years later, our study shows (in hospitals ≥ 200 beds), there has been an increase in the percentage of centers with APS or APMP, the proportion of nurses with full‐time dedication, and the assessment and documentation of pain. However, the implementation of protocols, pain management training, and the analysis of pain‐related indicators have worsened. Improvements are necessary to implement standardized acute postoperative pain management.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation Hospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid Spain saludcastillayleon.es",
    "Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation University Complex of Vigo Vigo Spain",
    "Department of Anaesthesia, Reanimation and Pain Management Hospital San Joan de Déu Palma Islas Baleares Spain",
    "Department of Anaesthesia, Reanimation and Pain Management Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña Spain",
    "Department of Anaesthesia Hospital Quironsalud Sagrado Corazón Sevilla Spain",
    "Department of Anaesthesia, Reanimation and Pain Management Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain hulp.es",
    "Department of Anaesthesia, Reanimation and Pain Management Hospital Arnau de Vilanova Valencia Spain esmo.org",
    "Department of Anaesthesia, Reanimation and Pain Management Hospital Universitario Río Hortega Valladolid Spain saludcastillayleon.es",
    "Department of Anaesthesia, Reanimation and Pain Management Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda Majadahonda Spain",
    "Department of Anaesthesiology Hospital Del Mar Research Institute Barcelona Spain imim.cat"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria A. Perez-Herrero",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7329-9101"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gustavo Illodo Miramontes",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-6966-7560"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Neus Esteve Pérez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6122-9616"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Servando López Alvarez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0515-2110"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Juan Carlos Luís Navarro",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7810-983X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Blanca Martínez Serrano",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6354-509X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Santiago Montesinos Fadrique",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1304-4462"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Sandra Fernández Caballero",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8009-2667"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "María Teresa Fernández Martin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5745-2169"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Agustín Mendiola de la Osa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3941-4262"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Montes Pérez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1346-697X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nyb5we9kxxnn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1155/prm/5391303",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13728333/",
  "id": "2nyb5we9kxxnn",
  "issns": [
    "1203-6765",
    "1918-1523"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/prm/5391303",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Anesthesia and Pain Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225167327",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1155/prm/5391303",
  "pmcid": "PMC13728333",
  "pmid": "42972860",
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nyb5we9kxxnn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:24:02Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13728333",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/prm/5391303"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Anesthesia and Pain Management",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evolution of Management of Postoperative Pain in Spain: A Nationwide Survey of Organizational Structure and Clinical Practice",
  "title_text": "Evolution of Management of Postoperative Pain in Spain: A Nationwide Survey of Organizational Structure and Clinical Practice",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:21:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2nyb5we9kxxnn",
  "venue": "Pain Research & Management",
  "versions": []
}