{
  "abstract": "Since 2020, H5Nx high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) belonging to hemagglutinin (HA) clade 2.3.4.4b have undergone widespread dispersal in wild birds, posing substantial threats to global poultry populations and mammals worldwide. In this study, we report the co-circulation of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and H5N6 HPAIVs associated with mortality events in Anseriformes and Charadriiformes at a coastal wintering site in Fujian Province, China. H5N1 and H5N6 viruses were identified in four species of waterfowl (Bean Goose, Eastern Spot-billed Duck, Eurasian Wigeon, and Eurasian Curlew). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these H5N1 and H5N6 isolates were clade 2.3.4.4b strains circulating within Eurasia and lacked known mammalian adaptation markers in key proteins. The infected birds exhibited severe systemic multi-organ pathology, with the most pronounced damage observed in the lungs. H5N6 and H5N1 viruses caused lethal injury in BALB/c mice, with H5N1 leading to systemic infection. Environmental sampling also revealed the presence of H5N1 HPAIVs alongside low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) such as H3N1 and H6N1. Our findings highlight the complex and dynamic transmission patterns of H5 HPAIV in wild bird populations and the substantial threat they pose to mammals, underscoring the critical importance of sustained surveillance for high pathogenicity avian influenza in wild birds.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.",
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China.",
    "College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China.",
    "Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.",
    "College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.",
    "Fujian Minjiang River Estuary Wetland National Nature Reserve Administrative Office, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.",
    "Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, People's Republic of China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinyu Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haiyang Xiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wenhao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yunyi Kong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hongrui Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Min Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yaqi Miao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Huan Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zhongxing Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Mingyuan Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Peng Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jujuan Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Guogang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yu Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuanguo Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuwei Gao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2p13qf6t77e63.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1080/22221751.2026.2746274",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700523",
  "id": "2p13qf6t77e63",
  "issns": [
    "2222-1751"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902987",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Influenza Virus Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223120153",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13700523?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13700523",
  "pmid": "42902987",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2p13qf6t77e63.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42902987",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902987"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Influenza Virus Research Studies",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Co-circulation of H5N1 and H5N6 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in migratory birds at a coastal wintering site in China.",
  "title_text": "Co-circulation of H5N1 and H5N6 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in migratory birds at a coastal wintering site in China.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2p13qf6t77e63",
  "venue": "Emerging microbes & infections",
  "versions": []
}