{
  "abstract": "Following the unprecedented marine heatwaves of summer 2022, extensive flowering of the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica was witnessed across the western Mediterranean. To unravel the causes of this event, we conducted a pan-Mediterranean analysis across 442 sites spanning all Mediterranean ecoregions, with 76% exhibiting flowering. Flowering differed regionally, with both highest flowering prevalence (over 90%) and flowering intensity (up to 0.75) recorded in the Liguro-Provençal and Balearic Seas. We demonstrate that regions experiencing large summer sea surface temperature anomaly with high marine heatwave cumulative intensity displayed the highest flowering intensity. The probability of flowering was very likely when marine heatwave cumulative intensity exceeded ⁓120°C days. These findings suggest that marine heatwaves trigger flowering in P. oceanica and, given the high energetic cost of sexual reproduction, continued ocean warming may shift energy allocation toward flowering. This shift could profoundly affect the species’ reproductive strategies, posing major challenges and uncertainties for its long-term evolution.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "GIS Posidonie, Aix-Marseille University, OSU Pythéas, Campus of Luminy, Marseille, France",
    "University of Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Plouzané, France",
    "Aix-Marseille University and University of Toulon, MIO (Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography), IRD, CNRS, Campus of Luminy, Marseille, France",
    "Mediterranean Institute of Advanced Studies IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain",
    "Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France",
    "Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Center, Naples, Italy",
    "Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, IEO, CSIC, Palma de Mallorca, Spain",
    "Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Crete, Greece",
    "University of Dokuz Eylul Institute of Marine Sciences & Technology Haydar Aliyev, Izmir, Turkey",
    "Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes- CEAB, CSIC, Blanes, Spain",
    "Institute for the Study of Anthropogenic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council, (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy",
    "NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy",
    "STAtion de Recherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Calvi, France",
    "Université de Liège, Centre MARE, Focus, Laboratoire d’Océanologie, Liège, Belgium",
    "Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy",
    "Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy",
    "Septentrion Environnement, Campus Nature Provence, Lycée Professionnel Agricole des Calanques, Marseille, France",
    "Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain",
    "Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Athens, Greece",
    "IMC - International Marine Centre, Oristano, Italy",
    "Marine & Environmental Research (MER) Lab, Limassol, Cyprus",
    "Institute of marine biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro",
    "Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, ECOSEAS UMR7035, Nice, France",
    "Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía/ Consejería de Sostenibilidad y Medio Ambiente/ Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain",
    "Albatros diving, Cala bona, Spain",
    "Grup d’Estudis de la Naturalesa – Grup Ornitològic Balear (GEN-GOB), Eivissa, Spain",
    "Parc national de Port-Cros, Hyères, France",
    "Association Méditerranée Action Nature/ Unité de cogestion de l’AMCP de la Galite (MAN-APAL-The Med Fund), Bizerte, Tunisia",
    "National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Biodiversity, Biotechnologies and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Tunis, Tunisia",
    "Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Murcia, Spain",
    "Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre (GMC), Genova, Italy",
    "Parc Marin de la Côte Bleue, Observatoire Plage du Rouet, Carry-le-Rouet, France",
    "Ville d’Agde, Direction Gestion du milieu marin, Aire Marine Protégée de la côte agathoise, Agde, France",
    "Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IZOR), Split, Croatia",
    "Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e sostenibilità in ambiente Marino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IAS-CNR), Castellammare del Golfo, Italy",
    "Sunce, Split, Croatia",
    "Parc naturel marin du golfe du Lion / Office français de la biodiversité, Argelès-sur-Mer, France",
    "Instituto de Ecologia Litoral, Alicante, Spain",
    "University of Istanbul, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 96,
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      "name": "Patrick Astruch",
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      "name": "Heike Molenaar"
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      "name": "Inés Castejón‐Silvo",
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      "name": "Jean‐Michel Cottalorda",
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2p9vx4w3z3ps3.bib",
  "cited_by": 7,
  "doi": "10.1038/s43247-026-03631-8",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2p9vx4w3z3ps3",
  "issns": [
    "2662-4435"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03631-8",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "1910|Marine and coastal plant biology"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-026-03631-8_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-05-22",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2p9vx4w3z3ps3.ris",
  "sources": [
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03631-8"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1910|Marine and coastal plant biology",
      "subfield": "oceanography"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Mass flowering of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica after 2022 record-breaking marine heatwaves, a Pan-Mediterranean study",
  "title_text": "Mass flowering of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica after 2022 record-breaking marine heatwaves, a Pan-Mediterranean study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T13:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2p9vx4w3z3ps3",
  "venue": "Communications Earth & Environment",
  "versions": []
}