{
  "abstract": "Kappa-carrageenan is a hydrocolloid from red algae and has bioactive properties for food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical uses. The present study comprises efficient extraction of κ-carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii with a yield of 52.3 ± 2.1% (dry weight) using a mild alkaline method (CA) with superior viscosity (0.285 ± 0.018 Pa·s) compared to commercial carrageenan (CC) (0.198 ± 0.012 Pa·s) with gel strength (85 ± 16.4 g/cm²). Sulfate analysis revealed lower content in the extracted sample (11.02 ± 0.90 mg/g, 3.0 wt% S) than the commercial carrageenan (14.87 ± 0.70 mg/g; 4.5 wt% S). Whereas higher total phenolic content (25.79 ± 0.31 mg GAE/g) was observed in the extracted carrageenan. Structural characterization confirmed slightly higher crystallite size in the extracted carrageenan (~57.3 nm), which improved molecular ordering. Morphological and particle size analyses showed larger but more uniform particles in CA (154.25 ± 26.6 μm) from SEM analysis, dynamic light scattering size (687.6 nm), and greater colloidal stability (−32.9 mV). Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated strain-specific bactericidal activity against S. marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus with protein leakage and SEM-based membrane damage. Molecular docking further revealed binding of κ-carrageenan to the HasA heme-binding protein (−6.9 kcal/mol), suggesting a putative secondary mechanism involving computationally predicted interference of bacterial iron acquisition, which needs experimental validation",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biotechnology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India",
    "Department of Marine Vertebrates, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq",
    "Department of Biological Sciences, T. J, Faulker College of Science and Technology, University of Liberia (UL), Montserrado County, Liberia",
    "Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, India",
    "Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, India"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jerin James"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ameer Abbas Mohammed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amar Yasser Jassim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Joseph S. Gboyo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ashiya Naaz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Harish Chandra Joshi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Arun Karnwal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nishesh Sharma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2pkats1xtqxsc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41538-026-00964-8",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13728141/",
  "id": "2pkats1xtqxsc",
  "issns": [
    "2396-8370"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-00964-8",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1104|Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7167934414",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-026-00964-8_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13728141",
  "pmid": "42431984",
  "published": "2026-07-10",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2pkats1xtqxsc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:23:52Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13728141",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-026-00964-8"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1104|Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Extraction, characterization, and antimicrobial potential of Kappa-Carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii with HasA-targeted molecular docking validation",
  "title_text": "Extraction, characterization, and antimicrobial potential of Kappa-Carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii with HasA-targeted molecular docking validation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2pkats1xtqxsc",
  "venue": "NPJ Science of Food",
  "versions": []
}