{ "abstract": "The current study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of Ficus carica leaf extract on oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic processes contributing to ischemia-reperfusion injury in bilateral testes following testicular torsion-detorsion. Forty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were assigned into six groups (n= 8): Intact, Sham, Torsion/Detorsion (T/D), T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500. Sixty minutes of left testicular torsion was followed by 56-day reperfusion in all T/D, T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500 groups, and rats in these groups were daily administered with vehicle, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg F. carica leaf extract, respectively. Sperm, serum, and bilateral testes tissue samples were examined. Sperm count of the contralateral epididymis and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the T/D + 250 group were higher than in the T/D and T/D + 125 groups. FSH level in the T/D + 500 group was higher compared to the T/D, T/D + 125, and T/D + 250 groups. Total Oxidant Status (TOS) level in the ipsilateral testis of the T/D + 500 group was lower than that of the T/D, T/D + 125, and T/D + 250 groups. The Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) value in the ipsilateral testis was lower in the T/D + 500 group compared to the T/D, T/D + 125, and T/D + 250 groups. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) level in the contralateral testis of the T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500 groups was elevated compared to the T/D group. TOS level of the contralateral testis in the T/D + 500 group was lower than that in the T/D and T/D + 125 groups. OSI value of the contralateral testis was lower in the T/D + 125, T/D + 250, and T/D + 500 groups than that in the T/D group. TNF-α and IL-10 immunostaining intensities were improved in bilateral testes of the treatment groups compared to the T/D group. Johnsen's score of the ipsilateral testis in the T/D + 250 and T/D + 500 groups was greater compared to the T/D group. BAX and CASP3 immunostaining intensities were lower in the bilateral testes of the treatment groups than in the T/D group. BCL-2 immunostaining intensity in bilateral testes of the T/D + 250 and T/D + 500 groups was higher than in the T/D group. By exerting antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, F. carica leaf extract emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further studies may help clarify the optimal dosage, potential adverse effects, and fertility outcomes.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Gazi University, 06560 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bakırçay University, 35665 İzmir, Türkiye.", "Urology Division, Ministry of Health Etlik City Hospital, 06170 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Center for Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research (ATUDEM), Atilim University, 06830 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Vocational School of Health Services, Atilim University, 06830 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Home Care Services, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, 06510 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye.", "Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University 34475 İstanbul, Türkiye." ], "article_type": "research article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 9, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Zeynep Yığman" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Saadet Özen Akarca Dizakar", "orcid": "0000-0002-4358-6510" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Metin Yığman" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Mürşide Ayşe Demirel" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "İpek Süntar", "orcid": "0000-0003-4201-1325" }, { "affs": [ 6, 7, 8 ], "name": "Ali Doğan Dursun", "orcid": "0000-0001-9056-0025" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Ayhan İbrahim Aysal" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Ayşe Köylü", "orcid": "0000-0001-8344-814X" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Suna Ömeroğlu" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2pqqns25qad55.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.3390/ijms27198678", "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13665228", "id": "2pqqns25qad55", "issns": [ "1422-0067" ], "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883923", "language": "eng", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2743|Sperm and Testicular Function" ] ], "openalex": "W7214673054", "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13665228?pdf=render", "pmcid": "PMC13665228", "pmid": "42883923", "published": "2026-09-28", "publisher": null, "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2pqqns25qad55.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z", "native_id": "MED:42883923", "source": "europepmc", "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883923" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "medicine", "origin": "openalex:2743|Sperm and Testicular Function", "subfield": "reproductive-child" } ], "title": "Effects of Ficus carica L. Leaf Extract on Ipsilateral and Contralateral Testes After Testicular Torsion/Detorsion Injury: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.", "title_text": "Effects of Ficus carica L. Leaf Extract on Ipsilateral and Contralateral Testes After Testicular Torsion/Detorsion Injury: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2pqqns25qad55", "venue": "International journal of molecular sciences", "versions": [] }