{
  "abstract": "Objective: The aim in this study was to characterize the 8-week hemoglobin response among patients with anemia receiving Zaizao Shengxue capsule (ZSC) in real-world care and develop and externally evaluate a model for estimating the individual probability of response.\n\nMethods: This prospective multicenter study included 440 patients from 14 centers who received ZSC for 8 weeks. Response was defined as an increase in hemoglobin of at least 20 g/L from baseline at week 8. The development cohort ( n = 338) was divided into a training cohort ( n = 238) and an internal validation cohort ( n = 100). Baseline predictors were selected in the training cohort. Ten candidate models were trained using different algorithms and compared in the internal validation cohort. After model selection and locking, the final model was independently evaluated in 102 patients from four external centers. SHAP and LIME were used for model interpretation.\n\nResults: Overall, 204 of 440 patients (46.4%) achieved an 8-week hemoglobin response. Response rates varied across anemia etiologies: 24.0% in cancer-related anemia (60/250), 74.4% in iron-deficiency anemia (67/90), and 77.0% in anemia of chronic disease (77/100). Anemia etiology, age, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were retained as predictors in the final Extra Trees model. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.821 (95% CI, 0.729–0.902) in internal validation and 0.769 (95% CI, 0.670–0.860) in external validation. SHAP analysis identified anemia etiology as the largest contributor to model predictions, followed by age and eGFR.\n\nConclusion: Eight-week hemoglobin response varied across anemia etiologies among patients receiving ZSC. A model incorporating anemia etiology, age, and eGFR may support individualized pretreatment estimation of response probability based on routinely available clinical information.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fuwei Xing"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiaxin Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cheng Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Siyu Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zihan Qin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuzhuo Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuqian Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junzi Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiao Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2qjjtdbtkqr43.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1957386",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724563/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "2qjjtdbtkqr43",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1957386/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2720|Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222975305",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1957386/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724563",
  "pmid": "42973783",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2qjjtdbtkqr43.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1957386",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1957386/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13724563",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724563"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:07Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724563",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1957386"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973783",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973783"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1663-9812",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Zaizao Shengxue capsule for anemia: a prospective multicenter real-world study of hemoglobin response and predictive modeling",
  "title_text": "Zaizao Shengxue capsule for anemia: a prospective multicenter real-world study of hemoglobin response and predictive modeling",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2qjjtdbtkqr43",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}