{
  "abstract": "Nano-iron-modified biochar (Fe-SC) has emerged as a promising adsorbent for pollutant removal. However, how pyrolysis temperature changes its iron phases and affects Sb(III) removal remains unclear. In this work, Fe-SC was prepared at three pyrolysis temperatures (400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C) to investigate how structural phase transitions affect Sb(III) adsorption performance. XRD analysis suggests a possible evolution of Fe phases with increasing temperature, from an Fe3O4 crystalline phase at 400 °C to an Fe crystalline phase at 600 °C, and subsequently to an Fe3C crystalline phase with pronounced graphitization at 800 °C. These structural changes, together with the specific surface area and graphitization degree, strongly influenced Sb(III) adsorption. Fe-SC600 had the highest specific surface area (217.73 m2/g) and achieved nearly 80% Sb(III) removal, the highest among the three materials. Fe-SC also maintained effective Sb(III) adsorption over a broad pH range (3.0–9.0), and the presence of S2− and HCO3− ions enhanced Sb(III) removal under the tested conditions. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing pyrolysis conditions to enhance the adsorption performance of Fe-SC, with Fe-SC600 demonstrating the most promising balance of structural properties and adsorption efficiency for environmental remediation applications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China",
    "College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China",
    "Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China",
    "Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China",
    "Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China",
    "Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang 43000, Malaysia",
    "Department of Water Quality Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany",
    "Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia",
    "Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia",
    "State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lei Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5847-1222"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bo Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Qi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Gaoyani Ku"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Chen Chen",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-2555-4059"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhibin Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jafar Ali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Evgeni M. Glebov",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2683-4954"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Xuliang Zhuang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5902-4267"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2qpfxzvqb60rq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nano16201288",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707491/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "2qpfxzvqb60rq",
  "issns": [
    "2079-4991"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/20/1288",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221557615",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707491/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13707491",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2qpfxzvqb60rq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nano16201288",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/20/1288"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:31Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13707491",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13707491"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Temperature-Induced Structural Phase Transitions in Nano-Fe-Modified Sustainable Biochar for Efficient Sb(III) Adsorption",
  "title_text": "Temperature-Induced Structural Phase Transitions in Nano-Fe-Modified Sustainable Biochar for Efficient Sb(III) Adsorption",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2qpfxzvqb60rq",
  "venue": "Nanomaterials",
  "versions": []
}