{
  "abstract": "Energetic composites with high solid content are prone to microcracking and interfacial debonding, which can compromise mechanical integrity and service reliability. To address these long-standing durability challenges, herein, a self-healing polyurethane with hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds (PUHD) was designed by integrating hydrogen-bond reorganization with dynamic disulfide-bond exchange. PUHD was synthesized using polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) as the soft segment and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl disulfide (DHDPS) as hard-segment components. FT-IR, Raman, XRD, GPC, and DSC analyses confirmed the successful construction of a predominantly amorphous dual dynamic network with suitable chain mobility and thermal stability for energetic-composite applications. The neat PUHD exhibited a hardness of 0.94 MPa and a storage modulus of 3.15 MPa at 20 °C and 5 Hz; surface cracks disappeared within 24 h at ambient temperature, and the storage-modulus recovery reached approximately 97%. In sample filler-containing composites, increasing solid content enhanced hardness and modulus but restricted polymer-chain mobility, thereby slowing crack repair and reducing healing recovery. In nitrocellulose/nitroglycerin (NC/NG)-containing composites, the visible crack closure could be achieved within 24 h, while maintaining useful mechanical properties after self-healing. Notably, JQ-e showed the highest initial hardness of 2.69 MPa and retained 2.19 MPa after healing. These findings collectively demonstrate that the synergistic dynamic network not only enables efficient room-temperature crack repair but also preserves adequate mechanical reinforcement, thus offering a viable pathway toward more reliable energetic-composite formulations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huan Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiuduo Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Weilu Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiwen Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiangfeng Pei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bofan Shen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhiyu Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jian Kang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3888-2462"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2r7awc70mzhj5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/polym18212608",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2r7awc70mzhj5",
  "issns": [
    "2073-4360"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2608",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2507|Polymer composites and self-healing"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223171431",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2r7awc70mzhj5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:44Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/polym18212608",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2608"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2507|Polymer composites and self-healing",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Self-Healing Adhesive Exploiting Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions and Aromatic Disulfide Units in Energetic Composites",
  "title_text": "A Self-Healing Adhesive Exploiting Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions and Aromatic Disulfide Units in Energetic Composites",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2r7awc70mzhj5",
  "venue": "Polymers",
  "versions": []
}