{
  "abstract": "Background: Physical activity accumulated in work or learning contexts may differ from leisure-time exercise in its purpose, autonomy, and psychological meaning. University students may also combine vigorous activity, moderate-intensity activity, and walking in heterogeneous ways that are obscured by total-volume measures. This study identified work- and learning-related physical activity configurations and examined their cross-sectional associations with psychological well-being and mobile phone dependence.\n\nMethods: The available de-identified dataset contained 10,846 records from 47 normalized universities in China. The primary latent profile analysis included 8,507 students with complete vigorous-activity, moderate-intensity-activity, and walking indicators within the adapted work/learning domain. MET-min/week values were calculated using audited International Physical Activity Questionnaire scoring procedures, transformed as ln(x + 1), and standardized. One- through eight-profile tied-diagonal Gaussian mixture models were compared using information criteria, classification quality, random-start replication, parametric bootstrap likelihood-ratio tests, and resampling stability. Psychological well-being and mobile phone dependence were compared using the Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars method and 500 posterior pseudo-class draws, with adjustment for sex, age, grade, major, university type, ethnicity, and university clustering (N = 8,430; 46 clusters).\n\nResults: The eight-profile solution was retained, with high classification accuracy (entropy = 0.977; minimum average posterior probability = 0.944) and strong bootstrap and subsample stability. The profiles comprised all three indicators zero (13.39%), moderate-intensity activity only (1.58%), vigorous activity present with walking zero (2.20%), walking only (20.74%), moderate-intensity activity plus walking without vigorous activity (21.98%), vigorous activity plus walking without moderate-intensity activity (3.20%), all three indicators present at lower relative volumes (18.40%), and all three indicators present at higher relative volumes (18.53%). Adjusted overall differences in psychological well-being were statistically detectable, χ²(7) = 19.40, p = 0.007, but the maximum standardized difference was very small (|d|=0.162). Mobile phone dependence also differed overall, χ²(7) = 22.39, p = 0.002; the largest adjusted contrast was 3.42 points between the vigorous-plus-walking/no-moderate profile and the all-three-higher-volume profile (95% CI 1.69 to 5.16; d = 0.236; Holm-adjusted p = 0.003).\n\nConclusions: Work- and learning-related physical activity configurations were heterogeneous and reproducible, but their associations with psychological well-being and mobile phone dependence were small. The profiles should be interpreted as descriptive combinations of domain-specific activity rather than overall physical activity levels, diagnostic groups, or evidence of causal effects. Their classification alone does not provide a sufficient basis for allocating individualized psychological or behavioural interventions.\n\nSupplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05352-1.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Physical Education, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu China",
    "Postdoctoral Research Station, College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kunyan Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-0661-5911"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2r7c358ym13vc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s40359-026-05352-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13746596/",
  "id": "2r7c358ym13vc",
  "issns": [
    "2050-7283"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05352-1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Physical Activity and Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7202271847",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13746596",
  "pmid": "43000438",
  "published": "2026-08-12",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2r7c358ym13vc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-11T12:23:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13746596",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-05352-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Physical Activity and Health",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Work-and learning-related physical activity configurations and their associations with psychological well-being and mobile phone dependence among Chinese university students: a latent profile analysis",
  "title_text": "Work-and learning-related physical activity configurations and their associations with psychological well-being and mobile phone dependence among Chinese university students: a latent profile analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-13T12:22:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2r7c358ym13vc",
  "venue": "BMC Psychology",
  "versions": []
}