{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nDiabetes mellitus is one of the leading non-communicable diseases worldwide and poses a substantial burden on the Jordanian healthcare system. Its rising prevalence, coupled with modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy dietary habits, smoking, and physical inactivity, is expected to further increase this burden. This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in clinical and behavioral outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in a hybrid diabetes education program using a retrospective longitudinal secondary analysis of routinely collected clinical data.Methods\n\nA retrospective longitudinal secondary analysis was conducted using electronic health records from the Healthy Community Clinic in Jordan. Data on body weight, fasting blood glucose, dietary behaviors, and physical activity were extracted at baseline and across five follow-up educational sessions delivered at approximately one-month intervals.Results\n\nA total of 7,648 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis, of whom 52.3% were female and 47.7% were male. Mean body weight decreased from 84.5 ± 15.6 kg at baseline to 76.3 ± 14.8 kg at the fifth session (mean change = - 8.2 kg; 95% CI: -8.5 to - 7.9; p < 0.001). Mean fasting blood glucose levels declined from 178.2 ± 66.5 mg/dL at baseline to 156.1 ± 52.3 mg/dL at the fifth session (p < 0.001). Significant improvements were also observed in dietary behaviors and physical activity levels throughout the follow-up period.Conclusions\n\nParticipation in the hybrid diabetes education program was associated with significant improvements in both clinical and behavioral outcomes over time among individuals with type 2 diabetes. These findings support the potential effectiveness of structured hybrid education programs in improving diabetes self-management and reducing modifiable risk factors in routine clinical practice.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Sulaiman AlRajhi University, College of Nursing, Al Bukayriyah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. dfm_2013@yahoo.com.",
    "Cardio-vascular and Diabetes Prevention Department, Community Medicine and Public Health Specialist doctor, Noncommunicable Diseases Directorate, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.",
    "Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.",
    "Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.",
    "Director General of the Royal Health Awareness Society, Royal Health Awareness Society, Amman, Jordan.",
    "Royal Health Awareness Society, Amman, Jordan.",
    "King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan.",
    "Royal Health Awareness Society, Senior Program Officer of Healthy Community Clinic, Amman, Jordan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Duaa Al-Maghaireh",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5106-2381"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Saif Fakhoury"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mariam Kawafha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Khitam Alsaqer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Amal Ireifij"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Abdullah Al Nsour"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Sara Abu Hashish"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Saba Abu Fanouneh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Rami Farraj"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Ayyad"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rpz9w24qy03j.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12909-026-10066-4",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13718033",
  "id": "2rpz9w24qy03j",
  "issns": [
    "1472-6920"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958230",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
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  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "LC8-6691"
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    [
      "lcc",
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    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diabetes Management and Education"
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  "openalex": "W7172023515",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13718033?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13718033",
  "pmid": "42958230",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rpz9w24qy03j.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958230",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Diabetes Management and Education",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluating the effectiveness of a hybrid diabetes education program: a secondary analysis of healthy community clinic records in Jordan.",
  "title_text": "Evaluating the effectiveness of a hybrid diabetes education program: a secondary analysis of healthy community clinic records in Jordan.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T14:20:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rpz9w24qy03j",
  "venue": "BMC medical education",
  "versions": []
}