{
  "abstract": "With the recent approval of maternal RSV vaccines and late-phase trials underway for a GBS vaccine, Europe is entering a new era of maternal immunisation. Yet scientific progress is outpacing pregnancy-specific evidence and preparedness for equitable implementation. Pregnant women are often excluded from early vaccine trials, while national recommendations, surveillance and delivery vary across Europe, even after regulatory authorisation. Without coordinated planning, new maternal vaccines risk reproducing the delays and inequities seen with influenza, pertussis and COVID-19 vaccination. In this Review, we examine scientific advances in the next generation of maternal vaccines, including mRNA, protein conjugate, nanoparticle and combination approaches, and candidates against emerging and other priority pathogens. We discuss barriers to including pregnant women in trials, assess regulatory and pharmacovigilance readiness, and identify health-system and vaccine-confidence risks to equitable rollout. We offer strategic recommendations for Europe's maternal immunisation roadmap, from research investment to policy integration, provider education, and equity-centred planning. Realising this potential will require integrated action across research, regulation, implementation, and communication. This is the final paper in the Series on the future of maternal vaccination in Europe and synthesises its findings into a framework for Europe and beyond.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection and Vaccine Institute, City St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.",
    "NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.",
    "Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.",
    "Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.",
    "Vaccine Institute, City St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.",
    "Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.",
    "Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, Vaccinopolis D.Z.141, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium.",
    "Makerere University Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.",
    "Pathogen Immunology Group, UKHSA, Porton Down, UK.",
    "Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paul T Heath"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eva P Galiza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pamela Jump Salcedo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Emilie Karafillakis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Asma Khalil"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Kirsten Maertens"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Kirsty Le Doare"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Christine E Jones"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rqywfcjysf1k.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.lanepe.2026.101899",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694847",
  "id": "2rqywfcjysf1k",
  "issns": [
    "2666-7762"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42927194",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2404|Bacterial Infections and Vaccines"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221750110",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694847?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13694847",
  "pmid": "42927194",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rqywfcjysf1k.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42927194",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42927194"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2404|Bacterial Infections and Vaccines",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The next generation of maternal vaccines: scientific advances, regulatory readiness, and strategic planning in Europe.",
  "title_text": "The next generation of maternal vaccines: scientific advances, regulatory readiness, and strategic planning in Europe.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rqywfcjysf1k",
  "venue": "The Lancet regional health. Europe",
  "versions": []
}