{
  "abstract": "The Three-Dimensional Trailer Loading Problem (3D-TLP) involves determining the optimal placement and orientation of heterogeneous items within the confined space of a trailer while maximizing volume utilization and satisfying a wide range of complex logistical and safety constraints. The 3D-TLP is NP-hard, rendering exact optimization approaches computationally impractical for large-scale industrial applications. To address this challenge, we propose an enhanced Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm (BRKGA) accelerated through a novel island-based parallelization framework, PANGEA. The proposed method combines the search efficiency and robustness of BRKGA with a multi-population evolutionary scheme for genetic algorithms. This island-model strategy promotes population diversity, mitigates premature convergence, and significantly reduces computational times. The proposed solution was validated in a real trailer loading process, providing an effective solution approach for real-world large-scale logistics.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.39272",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "A. del Río"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Díaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. C. de Vicente"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Cameselle"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Fernández"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rwypmcd5jvah.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.39272",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2rwypmcd5jvah",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39272",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.DC"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.NE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.OC"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2209|Optimization and Packing Problems"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215066122",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.39272",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rwypmcd5jvah.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
      "native_id": "2609.39272",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39272"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.OC",
      "subfield": "optimisation-control"
    }
  ],
  "title": "An Island-Based Parallel Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Three-Dimensional Trailer Loading Problem",
  "title_text": "An Island-Based Parallel Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm for the Three-Dimensional Trailer Loading Problem",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2rwypmcd5jvah",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}