{
  "abstract": "A 47-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes developed acute fever, headache, seizures, and progressive confusion during an admission for glycemic management. Neurological examination showed mild meningeal signs, and brain MRI demonstrated diffuse linear leptomeningeal enhancement. Lumbar puncture revealed strikingly viscous, ‘jelly-like’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and culture identified Klebsiella pneumoniae . Despite systemic antimicrobial therapy, central inflammatory activity persisted. Serial CSF analyses revealed pronounced elevations of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, with IL-1β closely paralleling CSF leukocyte dynamics and demonstrating relative independence from systemic inflammatory fluctuations. Clinical and laboratory improvement occurred after combined intravenous and intrathecal administration of polymyxin B, amikacin, and dexamethasone, leading to full neurological recovery. This case highlights the diagnostic significance of mucoid CSF in Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and underscores the therapeutic value of intrathecal antibiotics in severe central nervous system infections. Longitudinal CSF IL-1β measurements may provide a potentially useful marker of intracranial inflammatory activity and treatment response, although this requires validation in larger cohorts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Rehabilitation, The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province",
    "Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": "case report",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lin Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qian Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jing Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Deshan Ge"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shujuan Dai"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2sqxswndy3f9t.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945662",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13716629",
  "id": "2sqxswndy3f9t",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945662/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Case Report"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2404|Bacterial Infections and Vaccines"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222263901",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945662/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13716629",
  "pmid": "42959039",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2sqxswndy3f9t.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945662",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945662/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959039",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959039"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13716629",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1945662"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2404|Bacterial Infections and Vaccines",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Case Report: A case of postneurosurgery Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis with longitudinal CSF cytokine profiling and combined intrathecal therapy",
  "title_text": "Case Report: A case of postneurosurgery Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis with longitudinal CSF cytokine profiling and combined intrathecal therapy",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2sqxswndy3f9t",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}