{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nFatigue in high-intensity exercise is often attributed to a defended ceiling of peripheral fatigue; evidence is mixed.Objectives\n\nWe aimed to assess whether the end-exercise potentiated-twitch decrement behaves as a regulated variable across candidate mechanisms.Methods\n\nPubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to 12 August 2026. Evidence came from controlled studies in adults, with permeabilized-fiber, rodent, and isolated-actomyosin experiments only where human measurement is impossible.Results\n\nNine mechanisms met the criteria. Inorganic phosphate and hydrogen ions impair the cross-bridge cycle; reduced sarcolemmal excitability (K⁺) and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release reverse over minutes and days, respectively. Only the cross-bridge effects are driven by metabolites (protons, ATP, lactate) that are agonists of group III/IV afferents; the afferents do not sense contractile impairment itself. Oxygen delivery, respiratory-muscle work, substrate availability, and perceptual load altered fatigue rate more than the end-exercise value, which varied with duration, prior exercise, muscle mass, and mode.Conclusions\n\nEvidence fits a threshold in the phosphate-force relationship, though this does not demonstrate a defended limit. The decrement is not constant across tasks; we propose, as a testable hypothesis, that the regulated quantity is the summed afferent and effort signal. Selection was purposive, without formal risk-of-bias appraisal.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32401, Chihuahua, Mexico.",
    "Conahcyt National Laboratory of Body Composition and Energetic Metabolism (LaNCoCoME), Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico.",
    "Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico.",
    "Facultad de Deportes Campus Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21289, Baja California, Mexico.",
    "Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4347-6725"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mariazel Rubio-Valles"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Marina Trejo-Trejo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Cristhian Emmanuel López-Campos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jaime Güereca-Arvizuo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8760-9497"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Oliver Adán Sollano-Trejo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9615-4116"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        4
      ],
      "name": "María Guadalupe Delgadillo-Ramos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Marco Antonio Hernández Lepe",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1954-2857"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2t4m4t3k0nmsw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/muscles5040074",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692533",
  "id": "2t4m4t3k0nmsw",
  "issns": [
    "2813-0413"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924646",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2707|Cardiovascular and exercise physiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221193135",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13692533?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13692533",
  "pmid": "42924646",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2t4m4t3k0nmsw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42924646",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924646"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2707|Cardiovascular and exercise physiology",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Is the End-Exercise Potentiated-Twitch Decrement a Regulated Variable? A Mechanism-Oriented Review of Muscle Fatigue During High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise.",
  "title_text": "Is the End-Exercise Potentiated-Twitch Decrement a Regulated Variable? A Mechanism-Oriented Review of Muscle Fatigue During High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2t4m4t3k0nmsw",
  "venue": "Muscles (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}