{
  "abstract": "Objectives: To optimise the dissemination of clinical practice guideline (CPG) summary infographics on newborn and child health to healthcare workers (HCWs) in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa.\n\nDesign: Qualitative user testing using think-aloud interviews with local HCWs to identify their preferences for and barriers to using CPG summary infographics.\n\nParticipants: 26 HCWs involved in newborn and child healthcare, including participants from Lilongwe (n=8), Calabar (n=10) and Cape Town (n=8).\n\nInterventions: Draft CPG summary infographics on newborn and child health topics explored by participants during interviews.\n\nPrimary and secondary outcomes: Participants’ perceptions of the infographics in terms of findability, usability, understandability, desirability, identification, accessibility, credibility, usefulness and value.\n\nResults: Most participants found the infographics easy to understand and appreciated the visual design. However, participants had difficulty interpreting the strength of recommendations and were sometimes unclear about the target population and distinction between interventions and comparators. Navigation and the use of medical terminology also presented challenges, while some images did not reflect the local clinical environments. Perceptions of usefulness varied across guideline topics and countries.\n\nConclusions: User testing identified important barriers to the use of CPG summary infographics. Feedback informed revisions to the infographics before final dissemination, including clarifying the meaning of recommendation strength, adjusting terminology, bringing key content to the foreground and refining imagery. Early engagement with end users in the development of CPG dissemination products can help ensure that recommendations are clearly conveyed and that the content and visuals are appropriate to local clinical contexts and needs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "MAGIC Evidence Ecosystem Foundation, Oslo, Norway",
    "School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi",
    "HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, WC, South Africa",
    "Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa",
    "Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa",
    "Cochrane Nigeria, Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria",
    "Evidence Informed Decision-Making Centre, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi",
    "Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa",
    "Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa",
    "Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway",
    "Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa",
    "Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway",
    "Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Oslo, Norway",
    "Division of General Internal Medicine & Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland",
    "Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada",
    "Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
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  "author_total": 23,
  "authors": [
    {
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      ],
      "name": "Tandekile Lubelwana Hafver",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-5164-688X"
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      ],
      "name": "Frankie Achille"
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      "name": "Valerie Reinthaler"
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      "name": "Sumanth Nagraj"
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      "name": "Susan Banda"
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        4
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      "name": "Willem Odendaal",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3295-7283"
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        5
      ],
      "name": "Idriss I Kallon"
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      "name": "Moriam Chibuzor"
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      "name": "Dachi Arikpo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9035-9193"
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      "name": "Roselyn Chipojola"
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      "name": "Emmanuel Effa"
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      "name": "Nyanyiwe Masingi Mbeye"
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        5,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Tamara Kredo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7115-9535"
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      "name": "Trudy Desirie D Leong",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2687-7751"
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        10
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      "name": "Simon Lewin",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7521-9515"
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      "name": "Sara Cooper",
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      "name": "Bey-Marrié Schmidt"
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      "name": "Susan Kyomuhendo Munabi-Babigumira"
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      "name": "Per O Vandvik"
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      "name": "Thomas Agoritsas"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        16
      ],
      "name": "Nicolas Delvaux",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7335-4075"
    }
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  "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2026-122446",
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  "published": "2026-10-05",
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  "title": "Optimising summary infographics for clinical practice guidelines on child health: qualitative user testing study with healthcare workers in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa",
  "title_text": "Optimising summary infographics for clinical practice guidelines on child health: qualitative user testing study with healthcare workers in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa",
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