{
  "abstract": "Immunotherapy with oncolytic Herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) shows promise for glioblastoma; however, clinical benefit remains uncommon due to tumour- and host-mediated immunosuppression, which limits immune targeting of residual glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). To address this barrier, extracellular vesicles (EVs) harvested from oHSV-1-infected GSCs (EVOV) were evaluated for their immunomodulatory capacity by priming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ex vivo and in vivo. In GSC-PBMC organoids analysed by single-cell RNA sequencing, IFN-response and antigen-presentation programs were induced in both immune and tumour compartments, despite the GSC state. EVOV organoid transcriptome associated with patient tumour antigen-processing programs linked to improved clinical outcome, and EVOV immunopeptidomics identified candidate biomarker peptides that were also detected in patient immunopeptidomes from the clinical-trial cohort. In PBMC-engrafted NOD scid gamma mice bearing intracranial GSC xenografts, EVOV delivery increased circulating interferon (IFN) levels and enhanced systemic activation of T-cell subsets, while spatial transcriptomics revealed recruitment of peripheral immune cells to the tumour, accompanied by reprogramming of GSC states. Blocking vesicle-associated major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) attenuated EVOV-driven PBMC cytotoxicity against GSCs, supporting an MHC-I peptide-dependent mechanism of immune priming and a vaccine- or adjuvant-like, non-infectious, vesicle-based immunotherapeutic strategy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.",
    "Translational Medicine Doctoral School, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.",
    "Laboratory of Sequencing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.",
    "NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.",
    "The Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.",
    "Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland.",
    "Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.",
    "Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.",
    "Department of NeuroOncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 19,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Klaudia Kiel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1777-6548"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Arpita Balakrishnan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Aleksandra Cabaj",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3341-9137"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Luiza Stanaszek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Maciej Przybylski"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Dawid Stępnik"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Marta Małuszek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Christopher Jannotta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Chiara Zoe Linke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Monika Knaur"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Agnieszka Szczypiorowska"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Szymon Hryhorowicz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Bianka Świderska",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9373-4008"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Katarzyna Piwocka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Lee Ling"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "E Antonio Chiocca"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Agnieszka Bronisz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Jakub Godlewski"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2v2wxtnjpqh5g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/jev2.70389",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687664",
  "id": "2v2wxtnjpqh5g",
  "issns": [
    "2001-3078"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908192",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QH573-671"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223179551",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687664?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687664",
  "pmid": "42908192",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2v2wxtnjpqh5g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:57Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42908192",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908192"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:47:10Z",
      "native_id": "7c15125962bc40ab80defb124276025d",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.70389"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Oncolytic Virus-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Rewire Glioblastoma Immunity.",
  "title_text": "Oncolytic Virus-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Rewire Glioblastoma Immunity.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:47:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2v2wxtnjpqh5g",
  "venue": "Journal of extracellular vesicles",
  "versions": []
}