{
  "abstract": "A hypothetical origin as lunar ejecta for Earth's quasi-satellites (QS) has gained initial support in recent years, but there is scarce photometric and/or spectroscopic data to support the premise due to the rare observational windows to obtain such data for these small objects. One of the key pieces of evidence supporting the lunar-origin hypothesis, the lunar-like, very red reflectance spectrum of QS (469219) Kamo'oalewa, was recently found to be flawed. We present reflectance spectroscopy of Earth's QS 2025~PN$_7$ obtained with FORS2 at UT1-Antu of the ESO Very Large Telescope. This is only the second QS that has ever been characterized, the first being (469219) Kamo'oalewa, the sample-return target of the Tianwen-2 mission. Our results indicate that 2025~PN$_7$ exhibits a near-solar, flat visual spectrum, most consistent with the B-type in the Bus-DeMeo taxonomy. Our results therefore still support an asteroid-belt origin for most of Earth's QSs. The lunar-ejecta hypothesis can only be formally rejected with a larger sample of spectroscopically characterized QSs.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.17981",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Grigori Fedorets"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zuri Gray"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mikael Granvik"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eric MacLennan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2vgqzczqnmx3d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.17981",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2vgqzczqnmx3d",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17981",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.EP"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Astro and Planetary Science"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221788004",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.17981",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2vgqzczqnmx3d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:11Z",
      "native_id": "2610.17981",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.17981"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.EP",
      "subfield": "planetary"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Physical characterization of Earth's quasi-satellite 2025 PN7",
  "title_text": "Physical characterization of Earth's quasi-satellite 2025 PN7",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2vgqzczqnmx3d",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}