{
  "abstract": "In this study, we comprehensively investigated, for the first time, the cytotoxic, metastasis-related effects and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the n-hexane extract (GCL) and two isolated compounds, β-amyrenonol (GC3) and 3,4-seco-29-hydroxyfriedelan-3-oic acid (GC14), from the leaves of Gymnosporia chevalieri. Cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities were evaluated in A549 and H292 lung cancer cells by MTT assay, while antimigratory and anti-invasive activities were assessed by Transwell assay. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was evaluated in vitro using an enzyme-based assay. GC14 exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than GC3 against both cell lines. Moreover, GC14 reduced cell proliferation in H292 cells and markedly suppressed cell migration and invasion. GCL also demonstrated pronounced anti-migratory and anti-invasive activities. In addition, GC14 showed moderate inhibition of S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase, a screening surrogate. In silico studies suggested potential interactions of both compounds with tubulin, BCL-2, and α-glucosidase, with docking scores ranging from −7.5 to −9.0 kcal mol−1. The 100 ns MD simulations indicated that all six protein–ligand (GC3, GC14) complexes maintained overall structural stability. GC14 exhibited greater internal conformational flexibility than GC3 but remained within relatively narrow conformational ranges. MM/GBSA analysis revealed target-dependent relative energetic trends. Overall, these findings provide preliminary evidence of the biological activities of GCL, GC3, and GC14, warranting further investigation of their effects and, particularly for GC14, its selectivity toward cancer cells.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University 06 Ngo Quyen Hue City 49000 Vietnam",
    "School of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam",
    "Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand",
    "Center of Excellence in Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand",
    "Research Group in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam",
    "Faculty of Engineering and Food Technology, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University Hue City 49000 Vietnam",
    "Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University 34 Le Loi Hue City 49000 Vietnam"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nghia Ai Thi Doan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "The-Huan Tran",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2949-3665"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Natsaranyatron Singharajkomron",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-2824-4156"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Varisa Pongrakhananon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Chanon Loha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Krittapat Prachatimutte"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hien Minh Nguyen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1451-3769"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hanh Nhu Thi Hoang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6883-0823"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Ty Viet Pham"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hoai Thi Nguyen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0814-2401"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Linh Thuy Khanh Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Duc Viet Ho",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7442-3925"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2vsg5yq412rbz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07849d",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13720774/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "2vsg5yq412rbz",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
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  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13720774",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "1312|Natural product bioactivities and synthesis"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13720774/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720774",
  "pmid": "42964827",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2vsg5yq412rbz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:37Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Natural product bioactivities and synthesis",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
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  ],
  "title": "Insights into cytotoxic, metastasis-related effects and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the n-hexane extract and two isolated triterpenoids from Gymnosporia chevalieri leaves",
  "title_text": "Insights into cytotoxic, metastasis-related effects and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the n-hexane extract and two isolated triterpenoids from Gymnosporia chevalieri leaves",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2vsg5yq412rbz",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}