{
  "abstract": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) has widespread applications in solid organ transplantation (SOT), a field that fundamentally depends on optimizing complex paradigms across the continuum of care—from organ allocation to post-transplant management. However, only a minority have been tested through clinical trials. This perspective aims to synthesize the literature, identify gaps, and future directions for clinical trials of AI tools in SOT and how they may inform applications in related contexts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Transplant AI initiative, Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada",
    "Department of Surgery, University of California – Irvine, Orange, CA USA",
    "Biostatistics Department, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada",
    "Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada",
    "Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada",
    "Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada",
    "Vector Institute, Toronto, ON Canada"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bima J. Hasjim",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4301-9011"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Annabel Koivu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mina Sagheb"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Wei Xu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0257-8856"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jennifer Y. Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Aman Sidhu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4817-1533"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Mamatha Bhat",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1960-8449"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2wc7dmc493aw2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41746-026-02963-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13720056/",
  "id": "2wc7dmc493aw2",
  "issns": [
    "2398-6352"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02963-1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Perspective"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2718|Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7167576543",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-026-02963-1_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720056",
  "pmid": "42414473",
  "published": "2026-07-07",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2wc7dmc493aw2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:54Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13720056",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02963-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2718|Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical trials and evaluation of AI tools in solid organ transplantation: implications for clinical care, regulatory science, and rare diseases",
  "title_text": "Clinical trials and evaluation of AI tools in solid organ transplantation: implications for clinical care, regulatory science, and rare diseases",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2wc7dmc493aw2",
  "venue": "NPJ Digital Medicine",
  "versions": []
}