{
  "abstract": "Compact continuous-flow electrocoagulation (EC) was evaluated for decentralized household wastewater treatment by integrating treatment experiments, residence-time-distribution (RTD) analysis, three-dimensional CFD, and electrical-energy assessment. The 3.0-L reactor employed four aluminum anodes and five stainless-steel cathodes in a monopolar-parallel arrangement with 15-mm spacing. Over nominal HRTs of 9–18 min, RTD indicated predominantly convective transport with finite axial dispersion, while single-phase CFD showed localized recirculation around the electrode array. Across the experimental series, COD removal reached 75–88%, turbidity removal exceeded 90%, TSS removal reached approximately 85–90%, and MBAS removal reached 84%. Separate series identified favorable ranges of 20–30 mA cm⁻² and 15–18 min. A paired confirmatory experiment at 15 min directly compared 20 and 25 mA cm⁻²; pollutant-removal gains at 25 mA cm⁻² were modest, whereas supply-reported specific electrical energy increased from 1.045 ± 0.031–1.431 ± 0.018 kWh m⁻³ . Thus, 20 mA cm⁻² at 15 min provided the more favorable treatment–electrical-input compromise among the two tested combinations. Faradaic aluminum doses remained theoretical, and residual aluminum, microbiological quality, and long-term robustness were not verified. The result does not establish a global optimum or reuse-ready effluent.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Economics and Technology for Industries, 456 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam",
    "Chemistry Specialized Class, Hanoi-Amsterdam High School for the Gifted, Hanoi, Viet Nam",
    "University of Economics and Technology for Industries, 456 Minh Khai Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Corresponding author."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hoang Anh Tuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Le Huynh Duc"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nguyen Tuong Vi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nguyen Ngoc Anh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Trieu Quy Huy"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2xp7wj6d2q47w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.dwt.2026.102002",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398626003760",
  "id": "2xp7wj6d2q47w",
  "issns": [
    "1944-3986",
    "1944-3994"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2026.102002",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QH540-549.5"
    ],
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      "lcc",
      "TD1-1066"
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      "openalex",
      "2312|Coagulation and Flocculation Studies"
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  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398626003760/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2xp7wj6d2q47w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:57Z",
      "native_id": "a5ba7751b611464bb7358687423c0ff2",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2026.102002"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Coagulation and Flocculation Studies",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Hydrodynamic and electrochemical assessment of a compact continuous-flow electrocoagulation reactor for decentralized household wastewater treatment",
  "title_text": "Hydrodynamic and electrochemical assessment of a compact continuous-flow electrocoagulation reactor for decentralized household wastewater treatment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2xp7wj6d2q47w",
  "venue": "Desalination and Water Treatment",
  "versions": []
}