{
  "abstract": "Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in biofluids and may be useful biomarkers to non-invasively monitor brain cells, but isolating cell type-specific EVs remains challenging. Here we introduce an approach to immuno-isolate EVs from neurons and glia based on protein surface markers. We first selected transmembrane proteins suitable as cell type-specific EV markers based on gene expression and EV proteomic data. We developed a high-purity EV isolation method and cataloged the proteins present on EVs in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. We then computationally identified cell type-specific candidate markers for isolating EVs from neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. Using ultrasensitive immunoassays against several predicted neuron-specific proteins, we confirmed one marker, NRXN3, as present on EVs in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Finally, we developed efficient EV immuno-isolation methods and applied them to isolate NRXN3 + EVs. Our work provides a general methodology for the isolation of cell type-specific EVs, advancing the goal of using EVs to study brain diseases.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. dter@wyss.harvard.edu",
    "Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA",
    "Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA",
    "Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA",
    "Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA",
    "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA",
    "Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. aviv.regev.sc@gmail.com",
    "Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. aviv.regev.sc@gmail.com",
    "Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA. aviv.regev.sc@gmail.com",
    "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. gchurch@genetics.harvard.med.edu",
    "Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. gchurch@genetics.harvard.med.edu",
    "Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. dwalt@bwh.harvard.edu",
    "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. dwalt@bwh.harvard.edu",
    "Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA. dwalt@bwh.harvard.edu"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 17,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1134-0073"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sara T. Whiteman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tal Gilboa",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8172-7786"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Emma J. K. Kowal",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8992-7608"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wendy Trieu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Siddharth Iyer",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4986-4275"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bogdan Budnik",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3622-2003"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Clarissa May Babila"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chungmin Han",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8266-318X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "David Vance"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Graham Heimberg",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-6493-5721"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Michael William. Burgess"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hasmik Keshishian",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0062-9867"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Steven A. Carr",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7203-4299"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Aviv Regev",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3293-3158"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "George McDonald Church",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3535-2076"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "David R. Walt",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5524-7348"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2y2a4a4n44y62.bib",
  "cited_by": 19,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41593-026-02466-y",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2y2a4a4n44y62",
  "issns": [
    "1097-6256",
    "1546-1726"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02466-y",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223400515",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-026-02466-y.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42919911",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2y2a4a4n44y62.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:05Z",
      "native_id": "W7223400515",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-026-02466-y"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Identification of candidate markers for the isolation of neuron-specific extracellular vesicles",
  "title_text": "Identification of candidate markers for the isolation of neuron-specific extracellular vesicles",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T13:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2y2a4a4n44y62",
  "venue": "Nature Neuroscience",
  "versions": []
}