{
  "abstract": "The problem of heat hazard restricts the safe and efficient mining of deep mineral resources. A heat pump for simultaneous cooling and heating can control the heat hazard of deep mine and satisfy the heat load for mining community. However, the traditionally used working fluid of a heat pump, namely R22, possesses the disadvantages of being environmentally unfriendly and expansive operating cost. A CO2-based mixture is a promising substitute for R22 because of its excellent physical properties and great thermal match performance. This study carries out the thermo-economic analysis of a transcritical heat pump with the CO2-based mixture, and the feasibility of replacing R22 with the CO2-based mixture is investigated. The results show that the introduction of the CO2-based mixture can significantly cut down the irreversible loss in condensation and evaporation processes. R161 is the optimal additive for the CO2-based mixture, and the optimal COPc of CO2/R161 is 2.48, which is 12.2% higher than CO2 and 8.3% higher than R22. Although the initial capital cost of a heat pump with CO2/R161 is 24.2% higher than R22, the annual running cost is 6.39% less than R22, and substituting CO2/R161 for R22 can save operating cost by 1.62 × 106 CNY/year.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Anhui University of Science and Technology , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaocun Sun",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2264-2779"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinliang Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1598-7560"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hui Zhuo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qingsong Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinhu Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yfjyqfm551w9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c04742",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13736901/",
  "id": "2yfjyqfm551w9",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c04742/5455891/Applying-the-CO2-Based-Mixture-to-Realize",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2210|Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223186579",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c04742",
  "pmcid": "PMC13736901",
  "pmid": "42991384",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yfjyqfm551w9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c04742",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c04742/5455891/Applying-the-CO2-Based-Mixture-to-Realize"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:15Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13736901",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c04742"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Applying the CO2-Based Mixture to Realize Efficient and Low-Cost Cooling for Deep Underground",
  "title_text": "Applying the CO2-Based Mixture to Realize Efficient and Low-Cost Cooling for Deep Underground",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:15Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yfjyqfm551w9",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}