{
  "abstract": "Free-stream-turbulence-induced transition under streamwise-varying pressure gradients, as encountered on turbine blades, has received much less attention in high-fidelity simulations than its zero-pressure-gradient counterpart. The ERCOFTAC T3 experiments provide a carefully documented reference for this problem and remain central to transition-model calibration. Complementing them with full-field, three-dimensional data opens new opportunities for the development of physics-based and machine-learning transition models. To this end, wall-resolved implicit large-eddy simulations of the T3A, T3B, and T3C2--C5 flat-plate cases are performed with a high-order compressible solver, using an upstream slip-wall block that lets the synthetic free-stream turbulence develop up to the leading edge. The simulations reproduce well the measured transition locations, integral quantities, and velocity profiles, and predict a separation bubble near the end of the plate for the lowest-Reynolds-number case T3C4. As the Reynolds number decreases and transition moves into the adverse-pressure-gradient region, the mechanism evolves continuously from classical bypass transition to transition governed by the tendency of the laminar boundary layer to separate, up to separation-induced transition. Intermittency, conditioned statistics, and Reynolds-stress budgets document this evolution and the associated non-equilibrium effects, which challenge current RANS transition models.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2606.20139",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Louenas Zemmour"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xavier Gloerfelt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Paola Cinnella"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yn5se3b8at3w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.20139",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "2yn5se3b8at3w",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20139",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2206|Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7165369486",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.20139",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yn5se3b8at3w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:34:04Z",
      "native_id": "2606.20139",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.20139"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.flu-dyn",
      "subfield": "fluid-dynamics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A high-fidelity numerical database for free-stream-turbulence-induced transition under varying pressure gradients",
  "title_text": "A high-fidelity numerical database for free-stream-turbulence-induced transition under varying pressure gradients",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yn5se3b8at3w",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}