{
  "abstract": "Background/objectives\n\nSingle-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor profiling reveal substantial T-cell heterogeneity in aortic dissection (AD), but whether these responses contribute to vascular injury or reflect post-onset immune activation remains uncertain. This review evaluates human and experimental evidence by disease stage, tissue compartment, functional validation, T-cell specificity, and intervention timing, distinguishing descriptive profiling from evidence supporting causal and translational inference.Discussion\n\nHuman studies identify Th1/Th17-associated, CD8⁺ cytotoxicity-associated, and regulatory T-cell alterations, with stage-related differences in T-cell composition and clonality. Most evidence is cross-sectional and obtained after clinical onset. Antigen specificity, direct aortic-wall cytotoxicity, impaired Treg suppression, and T-cell-mediated aortic-wall injury remain unproven. Single-cell and TCR profiling identify candidate T-cell states and clonotypes for spatial and functional validation, not causal proof. Among candidate pathways, the IL-6-STAT3-IL-17 axis currently has the strongest AD-specific preclinical rationale, but existing interventions are largely non-T-cell-restricted and initiated before or during disease induction. Stronger causal attribution requires convergent human evidence, post-lesion T-cell-restricted perturbation, disease-progression endpoints, and rescue or target-engagement studies. The subacute phase after anatomical and haemodynamic stabilisation may offer a window to study persistent injury-amplifying T-cell responses, whereas early acute and perioperative immunomodulation remains unsupported.Conclusions\n\nCurrent evidence supports altered T-cell states after AD onset but does not establish an initiating role. Near-term priorities should be prospective biomarker validation and post-lesion mechanistic studies rather than T-cell-directed immuno-modulation during the early acute and perioperative phases. Clinical translation should await reproducible associations linked to stage-specific causal mechanisms and acceptable safety.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Northern Jiangsu Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu University, Yancheng, PR China.",
    "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng, PR China.",
    "Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China.",
    "Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, PR China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiang Ye"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yihao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yeting Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hao Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xia Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2471-3561"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jianxiang Song"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yvthd56ncnwb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1080/07853890.2026.2753327",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721806",
  "id": "2yvthd56ncnwb",
  "issns": [
    "0785-3890",
    "1365-2060"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42956058",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Cardiology & Cardiovascular Disorders"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224314367",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721806?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721806",
  "pmid": "42956058",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "Taylor & Francis",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yvthd56ncnwb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42956058",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42956058"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:26Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721806",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2026.2753327"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Aortic Disease and Treatment Approaches",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "T-cell states in aortic dissection: from molecular immune profiling toward causal and translational validation.",
  "title_text": "T-cell states in aortic dissection: from molecular immune profiling toward causal and translational validation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2yvthd56ncnwb",
  "venue": "Annals of medicine",
  "versions": []
}