{
  "abstract": "Background: Enterococcal bloodstream infection (BSI) is common with 30-day mortality rates approaching 25%–30%, yet evidence guiding optimal antibiotic treatment duration, particularly for patients with uncomplicated infection, is limited.\n\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a target trial emulation framework across 8 hospitals in Israel (2013–2023) of adults hospitalized with uncomplicated monomicrobial enterococcal BSI. Treatment strategies were defined as short (7 ± 2 days) versus long (14 ± 2 days) antibiotic therapy. A cloning-censoring-weighting framework with inverse probability of censoring weights was applied to account for immortal time bias and potential confounders. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes included 90-day all-cause mortality, recurrence, length of stay, readmission and Clostridioides difficile infection. Analyses were performed using pooled logistic regression and negative binomial regression models, with prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses.\n\nResults: Of 3450 patients with enterococcal bacteremia screened, 870 were eligible, and 485 received treatment durations consistent with the study treatment strategies (short n = 283, long n = 202). Mean age was 74 years (±15.0); 87/485 (18%) had pre-existing cardiac hardware, 164/485 (34%) a urinary source and 180/485 (37%) had nosocomial BSI. Adjusted analyses demonstrated no difference in 30-day mortality between short and long therapy (21.6% vs 21.3%; adjusted risk ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.22). There was no evidence of differences across the secondary outcomes. Results were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses.\n\nConclusions: Short-course antibiotic treatment was associated with comparable clinical outcomes to long-course treatment in uncomplicated monomicrobial enterococcal BSI, supporting the use of short treatment durations in appropriately selected patients.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hadar Mudrik-Zohar",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8227-5360"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sean W X Ong",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8570-436X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Steven Y C Tong",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1368-8356"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tzipi Hornik-Lurie",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2122-5116"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ayalla Sabbah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Orly Weinstein"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michal Chowers",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6148-254X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2zce85nxq3xae.bib",
  "cited_by": 2,
  "doi": "10.1093/cid/ciag387",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13715991/",
  "id": "2zce85nxq3xae",
  "issns": [
    "1058-4838",
    "1537-6591"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag387",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00290"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Bacterial Infections"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Major Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2402|Antibiotic Use and Resistance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7167251812",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13715991",
  "pmid": "42397386",
  "published": "2026-07-03",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2zce85nxq3xae.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:09Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715991",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag387"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2402|Antibiotic Use and Resistance",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Uncomplicated Monomicrobial Enterococcal Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Target Trial Emulation",
  "title_text": "Antibiotic Treatment Duration for Uncomplicated Monomicrobial Enterococcal Bloodstream Infection: A Multicenter Target Trial Emulation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:23:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2zce85nxq3xae",
  "venue": "Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America",
  "versions": []
}