{
  "abstract": "Parasitic helminth infections remain a major global health burden in humans and livestock, with treatment hindered by drug resistance, poor bioavailability, and rapid degradation of conventional anthelmintics. Nanotechnology offers effective alternatives through nanocarrier systems (polymeric, lipid, metallic, and green-synthesized) that enhance drug solubility, stability, targeted delivery, and sustained release, while reducing toxicity. These nanomaterials exert anthelmintic effects through tegumental disruption, oxidative stress induction, metabolic interference, and immune modulation. Several preclinical studies have reported improved efficacy, bioavailability, or dose-sparing potential compared with conventional formulations; however, the available evidence remains heterogeneous. However, clinical translation faces barriers including scale-up, regulatory hurdles, and environmental safety concerns. This review critically evaluates current nanotechnological platforms, identifies key mechanistic pathways, and outlines future research directions within a One Health framework to guide the development of effective and sustainable nanoscale anthelmintic therapies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. b.esmaeilnejad@urmia.ac.ir.",
    "Department of Basic Medical Sciences, khoy University of Medical Sciences, khoy, Iran.",
    "Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.",
    "Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.",
    "Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.",
    "Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.",
    "Materials Synthesis Laboratory, Carbon Tech Industrial Group, Carbon Tech, Tehran, Iran."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bijan Esmaeilnejad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sayyed Jafar Hasani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Awat Samiei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Armin Fakheri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hamid Akbari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Rahim Molaei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Farnaz Malekifard"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Alireza Ghorbani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2znq6nke9my6g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s11671-026-05050-2",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687501",
  "id": "2znq6nke9my6g",
  "issns": [
    "2731-9229"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42905342",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2405|Parasites and Host Interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223096440",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687501?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687501",
  "pmid": "42905342",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2znq6nke9my6g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42905342",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42905342"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2405|Parasites and Host Interactions",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Nanotechnology-based strategies for helminth control: drug delivery, green nanoparticles, mechanisms, and translational barriers.",
  "title_text": "Nanotechnology-based strategies for helminth control: drug delivery, green nanoparticles, mechanisms, and translational barriers.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/2znq6nke9my6g",
  "venue": "Discover nano",
  "versions": []
}