{
  "abstract": "Mapping how parenchymal, immune, and stromal cells interact with extended structures such as blood vessels and nerves is challenging using conventional thin-section tissue imaging. Volumetric methods such as light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) are ideal in these cases and LSFM is widely used in animal models such as fish and mice. This is enabled by well-established clearing methods, genetically encoded reporters, and vascular dyes. However, LSFM is rarely utilized for human tissue, which is primarily available as formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens. Here, we present an approach to volumetric cyclic immunofluorescence (v-CyCIF) that enables 40-plex or greater imaging of immune and other cell types in human specimens up to 1 mm thick. We demonstrate the use of v-CyCIF to study neuroimmune interactions and lymphoid structures in normal and cancer tissues. Following LSFM imaging, specimens can be re-embedded and sectioned to ~50 {micro}m thick for high-resolution confocal imaging of punctate structures and cell-cell junctions. v-CyCIF therefore provides a flexible framework for multi-scale 3D profiling of clinical specimens across imaging formats and resolutions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Harvard Medical School"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "A. Y. H. Wong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. D. Lu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Z. Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. W. Choi"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "F. Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Z. Maliga"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Anang"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Rastgou Talemi"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Coy"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Danuser"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Santagata"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Yapp"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "P. K. Sorger"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/30swjh5atz570.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.05.17.725158",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.17.725158v3.full",
  "id": "30swjh5atz570",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.17.725158v3",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "cancer biology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7161811927",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.17.725158v3.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-05-17",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/30swjh5atz570.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:52Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.05.17.725158",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.17.725158v3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "biorxiv:cancer biology",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Volumetric Cyclic Immunofluorescence for 3D Spatial Profiling of Tumour, Stroma, and Immune Structures in Human FFPE Tissue",
  "title_text": "Volumetric Cyclic Immunofluorescence for 3D Spatial Profiling of Tumour, Stroma, and Immune Structures in Human FFPE Tissue",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/30swjh5atz570",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}