{
  "abstract": "Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are naturally released from all types of cells into the extracellular environment. During their release to the extracellular space, EVs adsorb biomolecules, collectively designated as EV corona. In this study, we developed a novel method for immobilizing EVs and assessing their capacity to bind biomolecules, using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model molecule for corona acquisition and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy as the analytical technique. Ten ng/mL poly-L-lysine (15-30 kDa), prepared in 42 mM TRIS buffer at pH 7.4, was used to achieve non-specific immobilization of EVs at a concentration of 4.5 × 10¹⁰ particles/mL, and also to provide surface passivation against proteins. The experiments were performed at 25 °C with a 100 µL/min flow rate. The optimal HSA detection range was between 1 and 100 ng/mL with EC₅₀ = 2.39 ng/mL. A mathematical model was also established to determine the estimated number of HSA molecules that can be bound on the surface of EVs. In saturation experiments it was demonstrated that the magnitude of HSA bound on the surface of EVs corresponded to the theoretical estimate. After its development, the method was further tested using human plasma and a chosen protein (DJ-1) as well as non-protein corona components, specifically double-stranded DNA and a microRNA (miR494).",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "HUN-REN-SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1083 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Institute of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "HUN-REN Office for Supported Research Groups, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Cantabio Pharmaceuticals Kft., 1149 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "HUN-REN SU, Translational Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.",
    "Insulinde BT., 1111 Budapest, Hungary."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Péter Bokrossy",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-5509-1557"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Beáta Szebeni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tamás Visnovitz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7962-5083"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dorina Lenzinger",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0270-7985"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Éva Pállinger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nóra Fekete"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "András I Försönits"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Zoltán Varga",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5741-2669"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Judith Mihály"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Balázs Fórizs"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Domonkos Pap"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Apor Veres-Székely",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6830-8779"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Csenge Szász"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jamila Raufi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Edit I Buzás"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Attila J Szabó"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ádám Vannay"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Nóra Adányi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6219-6836"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/326sfz5rh11hv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/bios16100550",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13702521",
  "id": "326sfz5rh11hv",
  "issns": [
    "2079-6374"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930097",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215042922",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13702521?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13702521",
  "pmid": "42930097",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/326sfz5rh11hv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930097",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930097"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Investigation of Extracellular Vesicle Corona Formation with Label-Free Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy Method.",
  "title_text": "Investigation of Extracellular Vesicle Corona Formation with Label-Free Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy Method.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/326sfz5rh11hv",
  "venue": "Biosensors",
  "versions": []
}