{
  "abstract": "Clinical significance of serum secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) in primary Sjögren’s syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease (pSS-ILD) remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the GSE47460 lung tissue expression profile to validate SPP1 upregulation in ILD and performed GSEA to explore the potential mechanisms. A retrospective clinical cohort of 88 pSS-ILD patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) was established, with patients stratified into stable disease (SD, n=60) and acute exacerbation (AE, n=28). Serum SPP1 levels were measured by ELISA, and correlations with pulmonary function were analyzed. ROC curves, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression models were used to evaluate its predictive value. SPP1 was upregulated in ILD lung tissues, with GSEA revealing enrichment of nucleotide metabolism in the high-expression group. Serum SPP1 levels were significantly elevated in pSS-ILD patients compared to HCs [37.69 (27.25–73.42) vs. 20.11 (15.68–23.72) ng/mL, P<0.001], and further increased in the AE group [85.90 (48.67–122.45) vs. 31.45 (25.87–42.02) ng/mL, P<0.001]. SPP1 levels correlated negatively with DLCO% predicted (r = −0.426, P<0.01, q = 0.013). The AUC for distinguishing AE was 0.891, and for predicting 1-year mortality was 0.712. Using a cut-off of 40.41 ng/mL, higher SPP1 levels were associated with worse survival (P = 0.002), and multivariate Cox regression identified SPP1 as an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality (HR = 1.016, 95% CI: 1.006–1.025, P = 0.001). Collectively, these clinical findings demonstrate that serum SPP1 levels correlate with disease severity and may serve as a predictor of poor prognosis in pSS-ILD.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine",
    "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School",
    "Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuting Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shenao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaorui Ding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Qing Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tong Ji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hong Yao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jinghong Dai"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/32bjrsx6jpc6q.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1959993",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699488/",
  "id": "32bjrsx6jpc6q",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1959993/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221540194",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13699488?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13699488",
  "pmid": "42936041",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/32bjrsx6jpc6q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1959993",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1959993/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:05Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13699488",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1959993"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42936041",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42936041"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Serum SPP1 levels are associated with disease severity and 1-year mortality in primary Sjögren’s syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease",
  "title_text": "Serum SPP1 levels are associated with disease severity and 1-year mortality in primary Sjögren’s syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:36:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/32bjrsx6jpc6q",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}