{
  "abstract": "Sleep and wakefulness are associated with distinct cortical patterns of rhythmic activity. During low-arousal states such as slow wave sleep, synchronous low-frequency rhythms dominate activity across widespread cortical regions. Although inhibitory neurons are increasingly recognized as key players of cortical state, the in vivo circuit mechanisms coordinating synchronized activity across local and distant neocortical networks remain poorly understood. Here, we show that somatostatin and chondrolectin co-expressing cells (Sst-Chodl), a sparse and genetically distinct class of neocortical GABAergic inhibitory neurons, are selectively active during low-arousal states and largely silent during periods of high arousal. In contrast to most neocortical inhibitory neurons, Sst-Chodl cells, despite being extremely sparse, exert widespread influence across the neocortex via long-range axons that simultaneously target multiple regions. Selective activation of Sst-Chodl cells is sufficient to promote multi-region cortical synchronization characteristic of low-arousal states and to induce sleep. Together, these findings show that long-range Sst-Chodl inhibitory neurons not only track behavioral state but can actively promote sleep-like cortical activity and sleep behavior, highlighting an important contribution of cortical circuits to sleep regulation alongside established subcortical mechanisms.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA",
    "UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK",
    "Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. geoffrey.terral.pro@gmail.com",
    "Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. geoffrey.terral.pro@gmail.com",
    "Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA",
    "Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA",
    "Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA",
    "Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA",
    "Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA",
    "Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. renatabatistabrito@gmail.com",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. renatabatistabrito@gmail.com",
    "Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. renatabatistabrito@gmail.com",
    "Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. renatabatistabrito@gmail.com"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 25,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jacob M Ratliff",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1896-680X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Geoffrey Terral",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5253-8855"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Arenski Vazquez",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-5984-3168"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Stefano Lutzu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6497-2381"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Arena Manning",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4208-6522"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nelson A. Perez-Catalan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3626-2390"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gabriela Neubert da Silva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Soyoun Kim",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1348-6401"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Julie Mota"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Matthew Mallory",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-3837"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bianca Stith"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Charu Ramakrishnan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3474-6332"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Gianna Mattessich"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Lief E. Fenno",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5237-6179"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Tanya L. Daigle",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9700-8452"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "David A. Stafford",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3310-5402"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Hongkui Zeng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0326-5878"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Bosiljka Tasic",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6861-4506"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Staci A. Sorensen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6799-2126"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Karl A. Deisseroth",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9440-3967"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "John Ngai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1191-8971"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Thomas S. Kilduff",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6823-0094"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lucas Sjulson",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2075-9228"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14,
        0
      ],
      "name": "Stephanie Rudolph",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0388-7762"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15,
        16,
        17,
        18
      ],
      "name": "Renata Batista‐Brito",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1214-045X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/37k66szsqbkje.bib",
  "cited_by": 12,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41586-026-10876-y",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "37k66szsqbkje",
  "issns": [
    "0028-0836",
    "1476-4687"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10876-y",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "2805|Neural dynamics and brain function"
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  "openalex": "W7211986903",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC11213009",
  "pmid": "38948753",
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/37k66szsqbkje.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:53Z",
      "native_id": "W7211986903",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10876-y"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2805|Neural dynamics and brain function",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Neocortical long-range inhibition promotes cortical synchrony and sleep",
  "title_text": "Neocortical long-range inhibition promotes cortical synchrony and sleep",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/37k66szsqbkje",
  "venue": "Nature",
  "versions": []
}