{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L., Fabaceae) is a Mediterranean tree whose pods are rich in phenolic metabolites and are credited with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,hypolipidemic and antimicrobial properties.\n\nMethods: The chemical composition of MECp was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV). Free radical-scavenging and ferric-reducing capacities were measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) analytical descriptors assays, and soybean LOX-1 inhibition was assessed in vitro and examined in silico by molecular docking against the enzyme (PDB ID: 3O8Y). Gallstones removed at surgery were confirmed as cholesterol stones by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and then incubated in MECp under continuous agitation for 4 weeks, with a sodium chloride solution (NaCl, 9 g/L) as control. Gallstone mass after drying at 40 °C, the percentage of gallstone-dissolving capacity (% GDC) and the pH of the medium were recorded weekly.\n\nResults: HPLC/UV analysis identified 20 phenolic metabolites in MECp. The extract contained 160.68 mg GAE/g DE of total phenolics and 9.19 mg QE/g DE of total flavonoids, with median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.16, 0.86 and 0.19 mg/mL for the DPPH, FRAP and soybean LOX-1 inhibition assays, respectively. Compared with the control, MECp produced a highly significant increase in % GDC over time, and the docking analysis revealed strong and stable interactions between the major polyphenols and the soybean LOX-1 active site.\n\nDiscussion: The dissolution obtained with MECp is consistent with its phenolic composition, and the docking results agree with the soybean LOX-1 inhibition measured in vitro. These findings identify MECp as a promising natural candidate for cholesterol gallstone management and support further preclinical investigation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Laboratory of Bioeconomics, Food Safety, and Health, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis , ,",
    "Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Valorization (STEVA), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis , ,",
    "Laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis , ,",
    "Hospital Center University Beni Messous , ,",
    "Research Laboratory for Crop Production and Protection in Chlef Region, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Hassiba Benbouali , ,",
    "Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Protection des Ecosystèmes Agricoles et Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et Sciences de la Terre, Université de Bouira , ,",
    "Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology (UniKL MIMET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur , , ,",
    "Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), University Yahia Fares , ,",
    "School of Engineering, Newcastle University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Souheyla Mekraf"
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    {
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        0
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      "name": "Mokhtaria Yasmina Boufadi"
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    {
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        1
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      "name": "Fatiha Abbassene"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2
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      "name": "Kamal Nedjari Benhadj Ali"
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    {
      "affs": [
        3
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      "name": "Abdelkrim Chetibi"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0
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      "name": "Soumia Keddari"
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    {
      "affs": [
        4
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      "name": "Malika Meziane"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Bouzouina"
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    {
      "affs": [
        5
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      "name": "Hamza Moussa"
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    {
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        6
      ],
      "name": "Zulzamri Salleh"
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    {
      "affs": [
        7
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      "name": "Hichem Tahraoui"
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    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Jie Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Abdeltif Amrane"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/37s67dj6a1rej.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1945402",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661950/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "37s67dj6a1rej",
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  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661950",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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    [
      "openalex",
      "2704|Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities"
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  "openalex": "W7214978098",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661950/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13661950",
  "pmid": "42876935",
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/37s67dj6a1rej.ris",
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      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:1663-9812",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Phenolic metabolites from Ceratonia siliqua L. pods: chemical characterization, soybean lipoxygenase-1 inhibition, and in vitro gallstone-dissolving capacity",
  "title_text": "Phenolic metabolites from Ceratonia siliqua L. pods: chemical characterization, soybean lipoxygenase-1 inhibition, and in vitro gallstone-dissolving capacity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/37s67dj6a1rej",
  "venue": "Frontiers in pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}