{
  "abstract": "This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly CuO-loaded Ti₃C₂T x MXene nanocomposite using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and evaluate its potential for antimicrobial and antinematicidal applications. The objective was to employ a green synthesis strategy in which the leaf extract served as a natural reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent for CuO nanoparticle formation, while Ti₃C₂T x MXene was prepared from Ti₃AlC₂ through chemical etching. The CuO/MXene nanocomposite was fabricated by dispersing CuO nanoparticles with MXene to obtain a hybrid material with improved physicochemical and biological performance. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of plant-derived functional groups and Cu-O bonding, indicating the successful formation and surface stabilization of CuO nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of CuO; SEM showed CuO nanoparticles ranging from 82.82-147.53 nm, MXene sheets around 696.04-740.39 nm, and CuO/MXene particles between 118.03 and 134.37 nm. TGA showed high thermal stability with residues of 88.7% for CuO, 93.5% for MXene, and 85.22% for CuO/MXene. Antibacterial results showed inhibition zones of 11 mm for CuO against S. aureus and 8 mm against E. coli, while CuO/MXene showed 8 mm and 7 mm, respectively. Antinematicidal activity against C. elegans reached 45.67% for CuO, 67.67% for MXene, and 63% for CuO/MXene at 100 µg µl⁻¹. Overall, the study revealed that the synthesized nanocomposites may serve as promising future bioagents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan sono_waj@yahoo.com.",
    "Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 PR China.",
    "Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rida Zameer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wajid Rehman",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0128-0377"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liaqat Rasheed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Thoraya A Farghaly",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9620-8548"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Shakeel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Muhammed Sajid"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Abdullah Y A Alzahrani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3849d9gewrmd2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra08195a",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678502",
  "id": "3849d9gewrmd2",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898676",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222966860",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678502?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13678502",
  "pmid": "42898676",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3849d9gewrmd2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:32Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42898676",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898676"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Green synthesis of copper oxide using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and nanocomposite formation with MXene for antimicrobial and antinematicidal activity.",
  "title_text": "Green synthesis of copper oxide using Litchi chinensis leaf extract and nanocomposite formation with MXene for antimicrobial and antinematicidal activity.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3849d9gewrmd2",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}