{
  "abstract": "Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measure reflecting cardiac autonomic regulation and has been used to investigate developmental changes in preterm infants. Short-term HRV recordings have demonstrated developmental changes with advancing postmenstrual age (PMA), but are highly susceptible to transient physiological conditions, limiting reproducibility. We prospectively performed serial 24 h electrocardiographic recordings in 50 preterm infants born at 24-35 weeks' gestation from postnatal life until before 37 weeks' PMA to characterize longitudinal HRV trajectories. A total of 879 recordings were analyzed using a 24 h single-window approach, and developmental trajectories were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. All HRV indices increased progressively with advancing PMA. Infants born at ≥32 weeks' gestation exhibited significantly higher HRV values after approximately 33 weeks' PMA than those born at <32 weeks, indicating distinct maturational trajectories according to gestational age. PMA remained independently associated with multiple HRV indices after adjustment for major clinical factors, whereas body weight z-score, respiratory support, oxygen supplementation, and caffeine exposure showed little or no independent association after adjustment. These findings characterize longitudinal 24 h HRV trajectories in preterm infants and suggest that serial 24 h HRV monitoring may provide a framework for assessing developmental changes in cardiac autonomic regulation during neonatal intensive care.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neonatology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Zentsuji 765-8507, Japan.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 760-0016, Japan.",
    "Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Masashiro Sugino",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8172-3379"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Toru Kuboi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yoko Tadatomo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nana Kawaguchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Takaaki Sadamura"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Akiko Nakano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kosuke Koyano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shinji Nakamura",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4443-851X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ken Takahashi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9592-4200"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Takashi Kusaka",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2953-1839"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/38r03chn74pvz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/bios16100586",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13702146",
  "id": "38r03chn74pvz",
  "issns": [
    "2079-6374"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930133",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2705|Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222975199",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13702146?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13702146",
  "pmid": "42930133",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/38r03chn74pvz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930133",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930133"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2705|Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control",
      "subfield": "cardiovascular"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Longitudinal Trajectories of Autonomic Maturation in Preterm Infants Using Serial 24-Hour Heart Rate Variability Monitoring.",
  "title_text": "Longitudinal Trajectories of Autonomic Maturation in Preterm Infants Using Serial 24-Hour Heart Rate Variability Monitoring.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/38r03chn74pvz",
  "venue": "Biosensors",
  "versions": []
}