{
  "abstract": "This paper presents the development, integration, and simulation-based validation of a high-fidelity system-level model for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) designed for Formula SAE (FSAE) competition. The proposed powertrain architecture comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the primary energy source, a lithium-ion battery pack for peak power buffering and regenerative energy capture, and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for final drive propulsion. A rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) implemented in MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow governs power split between the fuel cell and battery to maintain fuel cell operation within its high-efficiency region while satisfying dynamic racing demands. Simulation results over the FSAE endurance cycle demonstrate that the vehicle achieves a 75-m acceleration time of 3.98 s (beating the 4.5 s target), consumes 1.61 kg of hydrogen (below the 1.8 kg limit), and maintains battery state-of-charge above 52%. The fuel cell operates 82% of the time within its peak efficiency band (5–15 kW), and regenerative braking recovers 82% of available kinetic energy. Comparative benchmarking against recent FSAE FCEV studies shows agreement within 8–12%, validating the modeling framework. This work provides a reusable, modular simulation tool for FCEV prototyping and identifies clear pathways for EMS optimization and experimental validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah",
    "Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah",
    "Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha’il"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Arbi Khlifi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Faisal Mahroogi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Marwa Ben Slimene"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Iskander Tlili"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/38vsm70px0epd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5",
  "id": "38vsm70px0epd",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
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      "lcc",
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      "openalex",
      "2203|Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies"
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  "openalex": "W7208781889",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-59435-5_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/38vsm70px0epd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T14:21:19Z",
      "native_id": "09e4c772dd2a4399ac53af5be7d14a2a",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-59435-5"
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  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A high-fidelity modeling and simulation framework for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle",
  "title_text": "A high-fidelity modeling and simulation framework for a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T14:20:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/38vsm70px0epd",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}