{
  "abstract": "Host restriction factors can block HIV at multiple stages, but they are often studied as individual genes or within a single molecular layer. I performed an evidence-structured computational reanalysis of three independent public datasets to determine how the human HIV restrictome varies across clinical states, immune-cell compartments, and protein responses. The analysis used bulk monocyte RNA sequencing (GSE157198), PBMC single-cell/CITE-seq data (GSE256089), and primary CD4 T-cell proteomics (PXD012263) within a prespecified restrictome-immunometabolism framework. In GSE157198, ART-naive monocytes had higher core-restrictome activity than healthy controls (difference = 1.154, p = 0.000746), and core scores were strongly correlated with interferon/innate-sensing scores (Spearman r = 0.800, p = 7.47 × 10^-11). Core-lipid/cholesterol correlation was weaker and was not independent of interferon after conditional analysis. In GSE256089, participant-paired core-restrictome scores were enriched in NK cells relative to B cells, monocytes, and T cells, and matched random-gene-set analyses supported enrichment beyond background expression structure. FCGR3A monocytes also had higher participant-paired core scores than CD14 monocytes. Exploratory sensing/death-gene analysis identified cell-type-specific expression patterns but did not establish pathway activation, pyroptosis, or apoptosis. In PXD012263, the historical q < 0.05 proteomic selection contained 19 curated genes and retained mixed response polarity; sensitivity thresholds q < 0.01 and q < 0.10 selected 10 and 25 genes, respectively. Together, the results show that HIV restrictome activity varies across clinical and immune-cell contexts and is embedded within broader interferon-linked and immunometabolic states. Because the datasets are independent and not subject matched, the findings are observational and hypothesis-generating rather than causal.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Reuben S. Maghembe"
    }
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3a3vr3hgtzdkc.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356591",
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  "id": "3a3vr3hgtzdkc",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Lipids"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Lipids/Lipid metabolism"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Metabolism/Lipid metabolism"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/Interferons"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteomics"
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    [
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Blood cells/White blood cells/Monocytes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Blood cells/White blood cells/NK cells"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Immune cells/White blood cells/Monocytes"
    ],
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Immune cells/White blood cells/NK cells"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells/Monocytes"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells/NK cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells/Monocytes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune cells/White blood cells/NK cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0356591&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3a3vr3hgtzdkc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356591",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356591"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:cell biology",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
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    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
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    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
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  "title": "Cross-omics mapping of the human HIV restrictome across clinical states, immune-cell compartments, and protein responses",
  "title_text": "Cross-omics mapping of the human HIV restrictome across clinical states, immune-cell compartments, and protein responses",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3a3vr3hgtzdkc",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}