{
  "abstract": "Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume (Orchidaceae) is a giant orchid that accumulates phenolic glucosides and C-glycosylflavones, including the bioactive flavone vitexin. Vitexin is a pharmaceutically and cosmetically valuable compound obtained mainly from aerial tissues of wild-harvested plants, motivating controlled in vitro production. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a widely used elicitor of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis; however, its effects on vitexin accumulation in protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of G. speciosum in liquid culture systems have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to establish a PLB-derived liquid culture of G. speciosum and to evaluate the effects of MeJA (0, 50, 75, and 100 µM) on culture growth, phenolic and flavonoid accumulation, vitexin production, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory activities. The cultures showed a sigmoidal growth profile with the highest dry growth index (DGI, 0.72 ± 0.09) on Day 32. MeJA elicitation for 12 days reduced biomass in a concentration-dependent manner (DGI 0.066 ± 0.007 to 0.050 ± 0.001 at Day 12 versus 0.089 ± 0.002 in untreated cultures), whereas the PLB clusters remained morphologically intact. Treatment with 75 µM MeJA gave the highest total phenolic (14.267 ± 0.273 mg GAE/g CDW) and total flavonoid (27.093 ± 0.504 mg QE/g CDW) contents. Vitexin was quantified by HPLC-DAD and its identity confirmed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS; cultures treated with 75 µM MeJA contained 420.05 ± 9.96 µg vitexin/g culture dry weight, approximately twofold higher than untreated controls (208.33 ± 2.69 µg/g CDW). PAL activity was rapidly and transiently induced, peaking 12 h after 75 µM MeJA treatment. The same treatment also produced the highest DPPH (5.30 ± 0.20 mg TE/g CDW) and ABTS (10.64 ± 0.25 mg TE/g CDW) radical-scavenging and copper-chelating (6.54 ± 0.29 mg EDTA/g CDW) activities, and the strongest inhibition of collagenase (55.62 ± 0.34%), elastase (42.40 ± 0.63%), and tyrosinase (36.01 ± 1.71%). These results indicate that MeJA is associated with activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and enhanced vitexin, phenolic, and flavonoid accumulation in G. speciosum . Overall, MeJA-elicited PLB-derived liquid cultures represent a controlled in vitro system for producing vitexin-containing extracts with antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit University",
    "Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rittipun Rungruang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wittawat Ratanathavorn"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tasanee Panichakul"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sasithorn Kongruang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3brh0ddt2cnm2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1915401",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3brh0ddt2cnm2",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1915401/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Plant tissue culture and regeneration"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224131531",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3brh0ddt2cnm2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1915401",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1915401/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Plant tissue culture and regeneration",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Methyl jasmonate elicitation increases vitexin production in protocorm-like body-derived cultures of Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume",
  "title_text": "Methyl jasmonate elicitation increases vitexin production in protocorm-like body-derived cultures of Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3brh0ddt2cnm2",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Plant Science",
  "versions": []
}