{
  "abstract": "Biological aging clocks offer estimations of aging and dementia, yet scalability is limited. We introduce a large-scale, cross-national speech clock derived from 2928 individuals across five Latin American countries, spanning healthy controls (HCs), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and non-language/language-dominant frontotemporal dementia (nldFTD/ldFTD). Multimodal acoustic and linguistic features were trained with supervised models to estimate chronological age, generating speech age gaps (SAGs) as cross-sectional markers of deviations from chronological age, with positive values interpreted as relatively older-appearing speech profiles. SAGs differentiated diagnostic groups (HCs < patient groups, with AD < nldFTD < ldFTD). This pattern was associated with clinical/cognitive domains. SAGs correlated with phosphorylated tau (p-Tau217) in AD and social exposome in HCs and AD. Brain clocks (structural/functional/combined) were associated with SAG in AD, nldFTD, and ldFTD. Epigenetic age correlated with SAGs in HCs and AD across Hannum, Retroclock, and OMICmAge, whereas ldFTD associations were limited to Retroclock and OMICmAge. These results indicate that SAGs capture cross-sectional multilevel aging-related variation and may offer a scalable, culturally adaptable, low-cost biomarker candidate for research in underrepresented global settings.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.",
    "Laboratorio de Bases Biológicas del Comportamiento, Facultad de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.",
    "Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PhD Program in Neuroscience), Bogotá, San Ignacio, Colombia.",
    "Center of Memory and Cognition Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Bogotá, San Ignacio, Colombia.",
    "Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.",
    "Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Departamento de Salud Mental, Bogotá, Colombia.",
    "Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.",
    "Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y del Comportamiento, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
    "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.",
    "Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.",
    "Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación y Calidad de Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.",
    "Grupo de Bioingeniería, Decanato de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal 5001, Venezuela.",
    "Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile.",
    "Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), San Sebastian, Spain.",
    "Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.",
    "Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.",
    "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.",
    "Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.",
    "Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.",
    "IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.",
    "Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.",
    "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
    "Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
    "Aarhus Universitetshospital, Aarhus, Denmark.",
    "Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.",
    "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, Buenos Aires, Argentina.",
    "Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Colón, Argentina.",
    "Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad Católica de Cuyo, San Juan, Argentina.",
    "Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.",
    "Centro Gerociencias, Salud Mental y Metabolismo (GERO), Santiago, Chile.",
    "Laboratorio de Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Clínicas (LANNEC), Núcleo Interdisciplinario de Fisiología, Biofísica y Fisiopatología-ICBM, Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas Oriente y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Salvador 486, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.",
    "Centro de Memoria y Neuropsiquiatría (CMYN), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Salvador y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.",
    "Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.",
    "Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.",
    "Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.",
    "Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.",
    "Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.",
    "Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.",
    "Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.",
    "Dirección de Ensenanza, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Salvador Zubirán, DF, Mexico."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 52,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hernan Hernandez",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0597-6059"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lizeth Katherine Pedraza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Hernando Santamaria-Garcia",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9422-3579"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Sebastian Moguilner",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1731-8325"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Agustina Legaz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3753-6824"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Pavel Prado",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1324-6400"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Jhosmary Cuadros",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7665-0171"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Lucía Amoruso",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4696-2187"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Liset Gonzalez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Damián Dellavale",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0472-8472"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        18,
        19
      ],
      "name": "Juan Pablo Espinoza–Puelles",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-3192-5070"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        20
      ],
      "name": "Javier Palma Espinosa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2055-2964"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        21,
        22,
        23
      ],
      "name": "Cecilia Jarne",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3917-920X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        24
      ],
      "name": "Fabio Mattiussi",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-0037-2042"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Matías Caccia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        21
      ],
      "name": "Alejandro Sosa Welford"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Nicolás Pelella",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-0334-0918"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        21
      ],
      "name": "Jeremías Inchauspe",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-6919-7567"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        25,
        26
      ],
      "name": "Franco J. Ferrante",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9455-2214"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        25,
        26
      ],
      "name": "Gonzalo Pérez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5781-8944"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Marcelo Adrián Maito",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-5909-7740"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Guido Rocatti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8941-2188"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Maria Eugenia Godoy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Joaquin Migeot"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paulina Orellana",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8752-7750"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ariel Caviedes",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4373-5587"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        25,
        27
      ],
      "name": "Martin Bruno"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        28
      ],
      "name": "Leonel Takada",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0121-9253"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        29,
        30,
        31,
        32
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Slachevsky"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        32,
        33,
        34,
        35
      ],
      "name": "Maria I Behrens",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0964-426X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        33
      ],
      "name": "Bárbara Bruna"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        36
      ],
      "name": "David Aguillon",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2283-536X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        37,
        38
      ],
      "name": "Lina Zapata",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9615-4981"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        39
      ],
      "name": "Jose Alberto Avila-Funes",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0033-5508"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nilton Custodio",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8025-3272"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Bruce Miller",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2152-4220"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7426-7782"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Stefanie Pina Escudero",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7467-8365"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pablo Reyes",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6705-7157"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kun Hu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0350-3132"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Maira Okada de Oliveira"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carlos Coronel-Oliveros",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9428-2410"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Josephine Cruzat",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3252-8657"
    },
    {
      "name": "Juan Felipe Cardona",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6795-7753"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Corley"
    },
    {
      "name": "Irene B. Meier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vaibhav A. Narayan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Enzo Tagliazucchi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0421-9993"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "Sandra Baez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0875-1709"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Claudia Duran-Aniotz",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2503-8366"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Adolfo M. García",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6936-0114"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Agustin Ibanez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6758-5101"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3cfajx6e0gn40.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aef9864",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3cfajx6e0gn40",
  "issns": [
    "2375-2548"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aef9864",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214974072",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3cfajx6e0gn40.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
      "native_id": "10.1126/sciadv.aef9864",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aef9864"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Speech clocks decode dementia phenotypes, social exposome, and biological aging",
  "title_text": "Speech clocks decode dementia phenotypes, social exposome, and biological aging",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3cfajx6e0gn40",
  "venue": "Science Advances",
  "versions": []
}