{
  "abstract": "Pediatric gigantism due to ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is exceptionally rare. Most pediatric reports have involved pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1). We describe a female patient diagnosed at 9 years of age with a typical bronchial neuroendocrine tumor and subsequently found to have diffuse hepatic and skeletal metastases, accelerated linear growth, and acromegalic features. Evaluation demonstrated markedly elevated plasma GHRH, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1, with diffuse pituitary hyperplasia on magnetic resonance imaging and no discrete pituitary adenoma. Genetic testing for MEN1 was negative. Management required repeated surgery, first-generation somatostatin analogs, dopamine agonist therapy, pegvisomant, pasireotide, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium-177 DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate. Pasireotide achieved improved biochemical control, while peptide receptor radionuclide therapy contributed to long-term structural stability. After 23 years of follow-up, the patient remains clinically well with stable tumor burden and controlled somatotropic axis. This case highlights the natural history of a pediatric-onset GHRH-secreting neuroendocrine tumor and highlights the efficacy of aggressive, multidisciplinary management in achieving long-term survival.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid 28806, Spain.",
    "Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.",
    "Medicine Department, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fernando Vidal-Ostos De Lara",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-1695-8895"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "David Sanchis-Pascual",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-2863-4993"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lorena Hernández-Rienda",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-1732-203X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "María Isabel Del Olmo-García",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4278-2624"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3eb61eeyw8bwt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1210/jcemcr/luag304",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13740501",
  "id": "3eb61eeyw8bwt",
  "issns": [
    "2755-1520"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996503",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225431394",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13740501?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13740501",
  "pmid": "42996503",
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3eb61eeyw8bwt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42996503",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42996503"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pediatric gigantism due to ectopic growth hormone releasing hormone secretion from a metastatic bronchial neuroendocrine tumor.",
  "title_text": "Pediatric gigantism due to ectopic growth hormone releasing hormone secretion from a metastatic bronchial neuroendocrine tumor.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3eb61eeyw8bwt",
  "venue": "JCEM case reports",
  "versions": []
}