{
  "abstract": "This study aimed to optimize the synthesis of chitosan-derived carbon dots (CS-CDs) and incorporate them into gelatin capsule waste/Gum Arabic (Gel/GA) composite films for sustainable active packaging of minced fish. CS-CDs were synthesized hydrothermally at 180, 200, and 220 °C for 4, 5, and 6 h. The optimal condition was 200 °C for 6 h, producing spherical nanoparticles below 10 nm with strong blue fluorescence, a maximum absorbance at 293 nm, and antioxidant activities of 56% (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH) and 66% (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid): ABTS) at a concentration of 20% (v/v), together with antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. enteritidis, and E. coli. The optimized CS-CDs were incorporated into Gel/GA films at 0–2% (w/v), significantly increasing tensile strength from 2.20 to 4.19 MPa and improving water resistance (p < 0.05). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities increased with CS-CD concentration. Gel/GA/CD-2 exhibited the best overall performance and effectively preserved minced fish at room temperature for up to 48 h by reducing microbial growth and lipid oxidation. Overall, integrating CS-CDs with upcycled gelatin capsule waste provides a promising approach for developing multifunctional biodegradable active packaging with enhanced mechanical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for seafood preservation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand",
    "Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand",
    "School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand",
    "Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand",
    "Unit of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Songporn Pipatvoratam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Prangruthai Boorapha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Khanittha Chinarak"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Pudthaya Kumnerdsiri",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-9320-075X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lalitphan Kitsanayanyong",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2868-3785"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Anurak Uchuwittayakul",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1782-4079"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jaksuma Pongsetkul",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0880-7031"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Samart Sai-ut",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5939-9648"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Saroat Rawdkuen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6664-3031"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Passakorn Kingwascharapong"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3exv9qg7s787m.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219886",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3exv9qg7s787m",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9886",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3exv9qg7s787m.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T00:20:58Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219886",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9886"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Synthesis Optimization of Chitosan-Derived Carbon Dots for Gelatin Capsule Waste/Gum Arabic Active Packaging Films",
  "title_text": "Synthesis Optimization of Chitosan-Derived Carbon Dots for Gelatin Capsule Waste/Gum Arabic Active Packaging Films",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3exv9qg7s787m",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}