{
  "abstract": "The term “sarcoidosis”, coined in 1899 from the Greek sarx (flesh) and -oid (resembling), is descriptive and conveys no aetiological information. When a trigger has been identified for a granulomatous condition previously considered idiopathic, nomenclature has tended to shift from descriptive to aetiological, as when “Salem sarcoid” was reclassified as chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Crystalline silica exposure has been associated with sarcoidosis in several occupational cohorts, and partially overlapping immunopathogenic pathways have been described, notably NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and T-helper cell 17.1 (Th17.1) polarisation, neither of which is disease-specific. The available evidence is consistent with a continuum model of silica-induced lung disease spanning a silicotic fibrotic phenotype (classical silicosis, driven by NLRP3 and transforming growth factor-β1 signalling), a granulomatous phenotype (silica-induced sarcoid-like reaction (SISLR), driven by NLRP3, interleukin-1β and Th17.1 signalling in susceptible individuals) and a mixed phenotype in which both processes coexist. The silica lymphocyte proliferation test (Si-LPT) has detected in vitro immunoreactivity in a subset of patients with sarcoidosis but is not standardised. The CBD paradigm offers useful analogies, although beryllium-driven adaptive and silica-driven innate mechanisms differ in important respects. SISLR may serve as a working classification that identifies the putative trigger, supports occupational disease recognition and situates the granulomatous response within a broader continuum; we discuss it alongside the alternative “silicosarcoidosis” terminology. On the evidence reviewed, crystalline silica should no longer be treated as an incidental co-exposure in a patient with sarcoid-type granulomas. A documented exposure warrants classification as occupationally related granulomatous lung disease and standardising the Si-LPT is the immediate priority.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey",
    "Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey",
    "Department of Occupational Medicine, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Metin Akgün",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3404-4274"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alperen Aksakal",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6883-3314"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ozlem Kar Kurt",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4641-2866"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3fdt55v6rwbcv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1183/16000617.0153-2026",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732409/",
  "id": "3fdt55v6rwbcv",
  "issns": [
    "0905-9180",
    "1600-0617"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0153-2026",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "11"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "13"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Reviews"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225258701",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13732409",
  "pmid": "42982493",
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "European Respiratory Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3fdt55v6rwbcv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13732409",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0153-2026"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "From silicosis to sarcoid-like reaction: a continuum model of silica-induced lung disease",
  "title_text": "From silicosis to sarcoid-like reaction: a continuum model of silica-induced lung disease",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3fdt55v6rwbcv",
  "venue": "European Respiratory Review",
  "versions": []
}