{
  "abstract": "Improving accessibility and spatial equity of access to Urban Blue and Green Spaces (UB&GS) could potentially benefit biodiversity and urban sustainability. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), serving as small-scale decentralised forms of UB&GS, can enhance both environmental quality and human well-being by fostering positive interactions between humans and the natural environment. While there is growing interest in assessing the spatial distribution of UB&GS at multiple scales, existing evaluations commonly examine each spatial scale separately. Consequently, the intrinsic scaling relationships of UB&GS and the potential of NBS integration to improve accessibility and spatial equity of access across scales remain insufficiently explored. To address this gap, this study develops a scale-invariant framework based on Universal Multifractal (UM) theory to support the integration of NBS into existing UB&GS across various spatial scales, using Paris as a case study. Then, the fractal dimension ( D F ) and Gini index are employed as indicators to assess the effectiveness of NBS in enhancing accessibility and spatial equity of access to UB&GS, respectively. The results demonstrate that the developed scale-invariant framework can effectively support the optimal integration of NBS into the current UB&GS. With NBS integration, the D F increases by up to 0.07, while the Gini index decreases by a maximum of 0.27 across the study areas, indicating improved accessibility and enhanced spatial equity of access. Overall, the scale-invariant framework developed in this study provides quantitative recommendations to support the sustainable deployment of NBS in highly urbanised areas.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Water, Environment and Urban Systems Laboratory, École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France; Corresponding author.",
    "Hydrology Meteorology & Complexity Laboratory, École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yangzi Qiu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Schertzer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3fxk5xs63k8bq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X26011696",
  "id": "3fxk5xs63k8bq",
  "issns": [
    "1470-160X",
    "1872-7034"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QH540-549.5"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Urban Green Space and Health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223263474",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3fxk5xs63k8bq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:31Z",
      "native_id": "5d6cc0ac17544727ae3b61daf9c9d4a2",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Urban Green Space and Health",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A scale-invariant framework for integrating nature-based solutions into dense urban areas to improve accessibility and equity of access to urban blue and green spaces",
  "title_text": "A scale-invariant framework for integrating nature-based solutions into dense urban areas to improve accessibility and equity of access to urban blue and green spaces",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3fxk5xs63k8bq",
  "venue": "Ecological Indicators",
  "versions": []
}