{
  "abstract": "Persistent monocyte activation contributes to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), yet biomarkers that predict neurocognitive impairment before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain incompletely defined. We evaluated monocyte subsets and activation markers in participants from the SEARCH007 cohort before ART initiation and at 6 and 12 months following treatment. Increased frequencies of CD14+CD16+ monocytes and elevated CD163 expression were associated with worsening neurocognitive performance and HAND severity. Plasma soluble CD163 levels increased with neurocognitive impairment and correlated with plasma HIV RNA levels, while CCR2 expression was associated with a composite neuropsychological performance Z-score (NPZglobal). Notably, CD169 expression was elevated across all monocyte subsets and demonstrated a stepwise increase with worsening neurocognitive impairment. Although ART reduced overall monocyte activation, elevated CD169 expression persisted in some individuals despite virologic suppression. Bayesian kernel machine regression and random forest analyses identified CD169 expression as one of the strongest predictors of cognitive impairment, surpassing plasma viral load, CD4+ T cell count, and several established monocyte activation markers. These findings identify monocyte CD169 expression as a biomarker of neurocognitive dysfunction before and during the first year of ART and support further investigation of its role in HAND pathogenesis.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Biomedical Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA.",
    "Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.",
    "Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.",
    "Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers Biomedical Health and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.",
    "Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.",
    "SEARCH Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.",
    "Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.",
    "Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.",
    "International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.",
    "Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hai Duc Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andrew K. Ding-Su"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Caroline Soulas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tricia H. Burdo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Patrick Autissier"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Pasiri Sithinamsuwan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Nitiya Chomchey"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jintanat Ananworanich",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1369-3224"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Victor Valcour"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Ratto-Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Woong-Ki Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kenneth C. Williams"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3g0j1za46ccac.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1172/jci.insight.194766",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13726430/",
  "id": "3g0j1za46ccac",
  "issns": [
    "2379-3708"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.194766",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204494181",
  "pdf_url": "http://insight.jci.org/articles/view/194766/files/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13726430",
  "pmid": "42658615",
  "published": "2026-08-27",
  "publisher": "American Society for Clinical Investigation",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3g0j1za46ccac.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:22:47Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726430",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.194766"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2406|HIV Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Monocyte correlates of neurocognitive impairment in chronic HIV infection include early, persistent changes with ART",
  "title_text": "Monocyte correlates of neurocognitive impairment in chronic HIV infection include early, persistent changes with ART",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3g0j1za46ccac",
  "venue": "JCI Insight",
  "versions": []
}