{
  "abstract": "Ammonium (NH4+) pollution in wastewater poses severe ecological and health risks. This study introduces a magnetic biochar composite (SB@MFO) synthesized from sugarcane bagasse and MnFe2O4 for efficient NH4+ removal. The composite exhibits a mesoporous structure (BET surface area: 56.58 m2 g−1; average pore diameter: 11.26 nm) and contains abundant oxygen-containing functional groups that facilitate adsorption. Response surface methodology based on the Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the adsorption conditions. Under the optimum conditions (MFO : SB = 1 : 3, pH = 7, contact time = 20 min, and adsorbent dosage = 0.03 g·50 mL−1), the experimentally determined adsorption capacity reached 46.66 mg g−1. Equilibrium adsorption was satisfactorily described by both the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. The Langmuir model yielded the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9812) and a maximum adsorption capacity of 47.80 ± 1.72 mg g−1, while the Temkin model exhibited the lowest RMSE, χ2, SSE, and AIC values among the evaluated models. The adsorption kinetics were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.9564) and Elovich (R2 = 0.9052) models, suggesting the involvement of surface-controlled adsorption processes. Combined characterization and adsorption-modelling results suggested that NH4+ uptake by SB@MFO may involve the contribution of electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, surface-mediated interactions involving oxygen-containing functional groups, and physical adsorption within the mesoporous structure. Three machine-learning models were developed to explore the adsorption capacity, with the support vector machine (SVM) model showing the best performance within the investigated dataset (R2 = 0.994 and RMSE = 1.558). Feature-importance analysis identified the initial NH4+ concentration and adsorbent dosage as the most influential predictive variables. The SB@MFO composite retained 75.8% of its initial adsorption capacity after five adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating acceptable reusability. Owing to its adsorption performance, magnetic recoverability, and agricultural waste origin, SB@MFO shows promising potential for ammonium removal from aqueous systems. Further studies using real wastewater matrices and continuous-flow conditions are recommended to evaluate its practical applicability.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2 32 Nguyen Van Linh, Xuan Hoa Phu Tho Vietnam",
    "Center for Advanced Technology Development, Thai Nguyen University Thai Nguyen Vietnam",
    "Institute for Excellence in Education and Research, Thai Nguyen University Thai Nguyen Vietnam"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Thuy-Tien Do",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5619-2193"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Phuong-Anh Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Huu-Tap Van",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9584-8383"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3g5zyswzksz00.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra04526j",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673666/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "3g5zyswzksz00",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13673666",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222500530",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673666/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13673666",
  "pmid": "42890588",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3g5zyswzksz00.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13673666",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13673666"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:32Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13673666",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra04526j"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sugarcane bagasse-MnFe2O4 magnetic biochar composite for ammonium removal: isotherms, kinetics, RSM optimization and machine learning prediction",
  "title_text": "Sugarcane bagasse-MnFe2O4 magnetic biochar composite for ammonium removal: isotherms, kinetics, RSM optimization and machine learning prediction",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3g5zyswzksz00",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}