{
  "abstract": "Li-rich Mn-based layered oxides are promising cathodes for high-specific-energy lithium-ion batteries because they combine high reversible capacity with relatively abundant manganese. Their capacity advantage originates from coupled cationic–anionic redox but is accompanied by first-cycle irreversibility, voltage decay, oxygen loss, gas evolution, and charged-state thermal instability. This review connects the intrinsic chemistry of Li-rich Mn-based cathodes with battery safety across material, electrode, and cell scales. Oxygen-redox-driven structural evolution provides a shared origin for electrochemical degradation and charged-cathode instability, but material-level oxygen activity alone does not determine full-cell thermal-runaway behavior. The integrated cell response depends on the timing and coupling of heat- and gas-generating reactions involving both electrodes, the electrolyte, separator, cell architecture, and thermal boundary. We therefore distinguish intrinsic cathode decomposition, cathode–electrolyte reactions, and cell-level thermal runaway, while separating direct LMR observations from evidence obtained for other layered oxides and from general lithium-ion battery safety principles. Instantaneous state of charge, high-voltage activation history, and cycling/aging history are treated as coupled state variables that influence two complementary response dimensions: trigger sensitivity and runaway severity. Quantitative material-to-cell comparisons and the measurement coverage of representative mitigation strategies are summarized to identify experimentally supported links and the remaining requirements for predictive safety assessment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shaokang Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jie Liu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2131-8117"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gc88n51y03nh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/batteries12100388",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3gc88n51y03nh",
  "issns": [
    "2313-0105"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/10/388",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2203|Advanced Battery Technologies Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215059447",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gc88n51y03nh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:47Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/batteries12100388",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/10/388"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2313-0105",
      "subfield": "electrochemistry-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Thermal Stability and Gas Evolution of Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathodes and Their Links to Cell-Level Thermal Runaway: A Review",
  "title_text": "Thermal Stability and Gas Evolution of Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathodes and Their Links to Cell-Level Thermal Runaway: A Review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:47Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gc88n51y03nh",
  "venue": "Batteries",
  "versions": []
}