{
  "abstract": "This work systematically derives a broad class of exact cylindrically symmetric spacetime models possessing scaling symmetries of varying dimensions. These models are then used to solve Einstein’s field equations for an imperfect fluid source that yields explicit anisotropic energy-momentum distributions. The solutions include vacuum, anisotropic fluid, and wave-like geometries, with connections to known models such as cylindrical waves, Levi-Civita spacetimes, and Kasner-type expansions. This study extends the catalog of exact cylindrically symmetric solutions and illustrates how scaling symmetry organizes the physics of time-dependent, anisotropic spacetimes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Mathematics, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan",
    "School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China",
    "Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia",
    "Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Faisal bin Khalid bin Sultan Research Chair in Renewable Energy Studies and Applications (PFCRE), Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia",
    "Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia",
    "Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tahir Hussain"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Muhammad Farhan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hala Mostafa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sk. A. Shezan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Nowshad Amin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Rayan Hamza Alsisi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naveed Ahmad"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gm86nk17xbpv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0355505",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3gm86nk17xbpv",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355505",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Cosmology and Gravitation Theories"
    ],
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      "/Physical sciences/Astronomical sciences/Astrophysics/Gravitational waves"
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      "/Physical sciences/Materials science/Material properties/Anisotropy"
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      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Astrophysics/Gravitational waves"
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      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed matter physics/Anisotropy"
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      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Gravitation/General relativity"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Gravitation/Gravitational waves"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Physics/Relativity/General relativity"
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      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Simulation and modeling/Algorithms"
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355505&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-31",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gm86nk17xbpv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0355505",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355505"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "plos:materials science",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    },
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "plos:algebra",
      "subfield": "algebra-number-theory"
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    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "plos:geometry",
      "subfield": "geometry-topology"
    }
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  "title": "Exact non-static cylindrical solutions of Einstein’s field equations with imperfect fluids",
  "title_text": "Exact non-static cylindrical solutions of Einstein’s field equations with imperfect fluids",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gm86nk17xbpv",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}