{
  "abstract": "This study presents a physiologically detailed biomechanical model of the mouse distal forelimb that incorporates intrinsic musculature, tendon routing, and digit-level skeletal anatomy, features simplified or omitted in existing musculoskeletal models. Using high-resolution anatomical reconstruction and computational modeling, we created a physiological representation of the wrist and digits capable of simulating complex forelimb movements. The model enables simulation of coordinated distal forelimb movement and digit-level muscle behavior during grasping-related tasks. Simulations were performed for multiple tasks, including grasping, grasping with supination, wrist flexion, and digit I flexion, with analysis focused on the grasping task due to its integration of both intrinsic and extrinsic musculature. Model performance was evaluated through comparisons of marker trajectories between torque-driven reference motion and muscle-driven simulations, temporal shuffle control, and comparisons between experimentally recorded electromyography (EMG) activity and model-predicted muscle excitation profiles. The model successfully reproduced coordinated distal forelimb kinematics, demonstrated strong agreement between torque-driven and muscle-driven simulation approaches, and generated physiologically plausible muscle excitation patterns consistent with experimentally observed EMG activity during grasping-related movement. These findings establish the model as a framework for studying fine motor control, neuromuscular coordination, and movement-related impairments in mice while providing a foundation for future investigation of neurological disorders and their underlying biomechanical mechanisms.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Queens College of the City University of New York"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "N. Lindo Sandoval"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. I. Gilmer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. Al Borno"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. G. Cuenu Velasco"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Huber"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gpxpv0b8z57c.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.14.751232",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.751232v1.full",
  "id": "3gpxpv0b8z57c",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.751232v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "bioengineering"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Muscle activation and electromyography studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213919061",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.751232v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gpxpv0b8z57c.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.14.751232",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.751232v2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:bioengineering",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A Physiologically Detailed Biomechanical Model of the Mouse Distal Forelimb for Simulation of Fine Motor Control",
  "title_text": "A Physiologically Detailed Biomechanical Model of the Mouse Distal Forelimb for Simulation of Fine Motor Control",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:39Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3gpxpv0b8z57c",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}