{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nEntomological surveillance is critical for understanding the species composition, behavior, and transmission roles of malaria vectors to guide evidence-based control strategies. This study aimed to determine the species composition, blood meal sources, and infection rates of the Anopheles gambiae complex in three regions of Ethiopia.Methods\n\nSurveillance was conducted from July to November 2024 in six sites across three regions (Southwest, Gambella, and Oromia) of Ethiopia. Mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches, CDC light traps, and Prokopack aspirators. Specimens were identified morphologically, followed by species-specific PCR. Blood meal sources and Plasmodium infection rates were determined using PCR and Circumsporozoite Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (CSP-ELISA), respectively.Results\n\nOf 284 morphologically identified An. gambiae s.l., PCR identified 39.8% as An. gambiae, 26.7% as An. arabiensis, and 6% as An. amharicus (27.8% non-amplified). Anopheles gambiae was present in all sites, with the highest prevalence in Godere (96.2%) and South Bench (60%). In contrast, An. arabiensis predominated in Seka Chekorsa (67.9%). Blood meal analysis results showed that the human blood index (HBI), bovine blood index (BBI) and goat blood index (GBI) for An. gambiae was 41.8%, 18.2% and 14.5% respectively while HBI, OBI and GBI for An. arabiesnsis was 0%, 28% and 71.4%, respectively. An. gambiae infection rates for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax were 2.8% and 0.9%, respectively and no Plasmodium infection was detected for An. arabiensis.Conclusion\n\nThis study provides the first report of An. gambiae in three regions of Ethiopia and its co-occurrence with the major malaria vector, An. arabiensis was also documented for the first time in Ethiopia. The high HBI and infection rates suggest that An. gambiae could contribute to local malaria transmission in Ethiopia. Hence, the national control/elimination program should prioritize indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to target this indoor-resting species (An. gambiae) in these areas.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. yewhalawd@gmail.com.",
    "Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. yewhalawd@gmail.com.",
    "Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. 2003arega@gmail.com.",
    "Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. 2003arega@gmail.com.",
    "Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.",
    "Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.",
    "Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia.",
    "School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.",
    "Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.",
    "Abt Global, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.",
    "Abt Global, PMI Evolve Ethiopia Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Delenasaw Yewhalaw"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Arega Tsegaye",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7985-9701"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Gudissa Assefa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Alamayo Ayala"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mesfin Endale"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Kassahun Zeleke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mebrat Keya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Bezuayehu Alemayehu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Teshome Degefa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Eba Alemayehu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Ephrem Abiy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Amha Worku"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Gedeon Yohannes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Dereje Olana"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Meshesha Balkew"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3jbb7pb70812n.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12936-026-06076-8",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13729413",
  "id": "3jbb7pb70812n",
  "issns": [
    "1475-2875"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42972403",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Malaria Research and Control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172524298",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13729413?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13729413",
  "pmid": "42972403",
  "published": "2026-08-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3jbb7pb70812n.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42972403",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42972403"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Malaria Research and Control",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "First report of co-occurrence of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae): comparative blood meal sources and infection rates in Ethiopia.",
  "title_text": "First report of co-occurrence of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae): comparative blood meal sources and infection rates in Ethiopia.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T03:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3jbb7pb70812n",
  "venue": "Malaria journal",
  "versions": []
}