{
  "abstract": "Background: Ultrasound measurement of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter guides screening and surveillance, but whether students’ measurement competence on a conventional system transfers to an unfamiliar handheld device has rarely been assessed. Methods: Twenty-seven senior sonography students made three anteroposterior outer-to-outer measurements of two water-filled balloons embedded in gelatin (reference diameters 3.53 and 5.88 cm, calculated from the circumference before embedding), first on the familiar cart-based conventional system and then, in a fixed, non-randomised order, on a handheld system with which they had no prior hands-on experience. The primary outcomes were bias against the calculated reference, with equivalence testing (±5%), and the paired between-system difference, with Bland–Altman analysis; repeatability was assessed with repeatability coefficients. Results: Conventional measurements were equivalent to the calculated reference within ±5% (bias −0.09 cm, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.02; +0.07 cm, 95% CI −0.05 to +0.19). Handheld measurements were higher (+0.17 and +0.33 cm; both p < 0.001) and failed equivalence; the mean between-system difference was +0.26 cm (95% CI 0.18–0.34), without proportional bias. Single-reading repeatability coefficients were 0.31–0.67 cm. Conclusions: Students’ conventional-system measurements agreed closely with the calculated reference, although this reference was not verified after embedding. Because device type was confounded with operator inexperience and with a fixed testing order, which introduces an unquantifiable learning or fatigue effect, the 0.26 cm value is an observed between-system difference under the study conditions and cannot be attributed to the handheld device itself. Measurement competence did not transfer automatically to a new device, underlining the critical need for device-specific training before handheld systems are used for aortic measurement. These implications are educational and technical; phantom findings do not support clinical surveillance recommendations without confirmation in patients.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia",
    "Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mahasin G. Hassan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dema Alenazi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Salsabil Aldosari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alanoud Alotaibi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rema Alrajhi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lamis Al-Sultan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed Alsaadi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3kpza3kbg5pet.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/diagnostics16213524",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/16/21/3524",
  "id": "3kpza3kbg5pet",
  "issns": [
    "2075-4418"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213524",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R5-920"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2706|Ultrasound in Clinical Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223958254",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3kpza3kbg5pet.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-13T15:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "084c335a8ae3492babc9eda8930c2469",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16213524"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2706|Ultrasound in Clinical Applications",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Need for Device-Specific Training Before Handheld Ultrasound Use: Agreement and Repeatability of Simulated Aortic Aneurysm Diameter Measurements by Senior Sonography Students on a Familiar Conventional and an Unfamiliar Handheld System",
  "title_text": "The Need for Device-Specific Training Before Handheld Ultrasound Use: Agreement and Repeatability of Simulated Aortic Aneurysm Diameter Measurements by Senior Sonography Students on a Familiar Conventional and an Unfamiliar Handheld System",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-13T15:21:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3kpza3kbg5pet",
  "venue": "Diagnostics",
  "versions": []
}