{
  "abstract": "Gridded-dataset suitability varies by support, season, variable, and application. This study evaluated E-OBS, AgERA5, MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast, ERA5, and ERA5-Land against observations from 624 European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) and Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS/EMY) stations, using 18.18 million source-station-day records containing minimum (TN) and maximum (TX) temperatures. Derived variables included mean temperature (Tmean), diurnal temperature range (DTR), and growing degree days (GDD). Identical-support rankings and station bootstraps assessed daily and GDD performance; Fisher's z transformation summarized seasonal correlations; temporal and network tests screened trends. E-OBS minimized daily and monthly-climatology-removed anomaly root mean square error (RMSE) for TN, TX, Tmean, and DTR in all 16 country-variable comparisons. With at least 10 matched years, E-OBS led 42 of 64 seasonal RMSE comparisons and 59 of 64 correlation comparisons; MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast led the remaining 22 and five, respectively. E-OBS minimized GDD RMSE in Spain and Italy, whereas MARS-STAT/JRC Agri4Cast led in Greece and narrowly led in France. GDD RMSE equaled 3.3-7.2% of observed mean GDD. Robustness tests supported increases in Spanish annual DTR, French annual TX, and French growing-season GDD. The lapse-rate correction improved 22 of 40 comparisons but usually worsened TN. Dataset choice should reflect support, variable, season, terrain, and application.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.13193",
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Dimitrios Voulanas"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3kwr5kgn3q69k.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.13193",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "3kwr5kgn3q69k",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13193",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ao-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Climate variability and models"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213341089",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.13193",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3kwr5kgn3q69k.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:25Z",
      "native_id": "2609.13193",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13193"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ao-ph",
      "subfield": "atmospheric"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluating E-OBS, AgERA5, MARS-STAT, ERA5, and ERA5-Land for Daily Minimum and Maximum Temperature Across Four Mediterranean European Countries",
  "title_text": "Evaluating E-OBS, AgERA5, MARS-STAT, ERA5, and ERA5-Land for Daily Minimum and Maximum Temperature Across Four Mediterranean European Countries",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3kwr5kgn3q69k",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}