{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nInflammation plays a crucial role in adverse outcomes of coronary artery disease. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activates 2 classical pathways: interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/IL-6/high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and IL-18/IL-6/hsCRP. However, the predictive value of pathway-related biomarkers, particularly their combinations, remains to be systematically evaluated.Objectives\n\nThe authors aimed to explore the predictive value of individual and combined biomarkers from 2 pathways for long-term cardiovascular risk in patients with multivessel disease (MVD).Methods\n\nFrom a prospective, multicenter cohort, 1,058 consecutive patients with MVD were enrolled. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE-4P), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and stroke.Results\n\nDuring a median 2-year follow-up (IQR: 2.0-2.1 years), 130/1,058 (12.3%) MACCE-4P occurred. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of IL-1β (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.15-2.32), IL-6 (1.72, 1.20-2.46), and hsCRP (1.59, 1.09-2.30) were associated with increased MACCE-4P risk, whereas IL-18 was not. For combined analysis, any 2-biomarker combination from either the IL-1β/IL-6/hsCRP or IL-18/IL-6/hsCRP pathway significantly predicted higher MACCE-4P risk (HR range: 1.84-2.19), with further risk elevation observed for the 3-biomarker combinations (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.80-5.31 for IL-1β pathway; HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.24-4.14 for IL-18 pathway). The 4-biomarker combination (IL-1β+IL-6+IL-18+hsCRP) also predicted significantly higher MACCE-4P risk (HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.36-5.14). Notably, 3-/4-combined biomarkers demonstrated significant incremental predictive value over single biomarkers.Conclusions\n\nIn patients with MVD, combined assessment of NLRP3-associated inflammatory biomarkers offers significant incremental predictive value beyond individual biomarkers. These findings highlight the importance of integrating multiple inflammatory biomarkers to better identify patients with residual inflammatory risk.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Cardiovascular Research Institute & Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.",
    "Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: dr_jinqingyuan@sina.com.",
    "Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Electronic address: zhao_xueyan@sina.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 23,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jiawen Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaozeng Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhenyu Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zheng Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yongzhen Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zhifang Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yingqing Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Qingsheng Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Xiaogang Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Xiaofang Tang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Jingjing Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ying Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Yan Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Na Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Yi Yao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ru Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Pei Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Yun Zhong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Wenchao Ou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Shiming Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yaling Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Jinqing Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Xueyan Zhao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3m23qxdpy6mgq.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jacasi.2026.06.040",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13654344",
  "id": "3m23qxdpy6mgq",
  "issns": [
    "2772-3747"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42841561",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Inflammasome and immune disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220734092",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13654344?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13654344",
  "pmid": "42841561",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3m23qxdpy6mgq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42841561",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42841561"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Inflammasome and immune disorders",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Combined Effects of Biomarkers in NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Multivessels Disease.",
  "title_text": "Combined Effects of Biomarkers in NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Multivessels Disease.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/3m23qxdpy6mgq",
  "venue": "JACC. Asia",
  "versions": []
}